Giordano Surname Meaning and Family History

Giordano Surname Meaning and Family History The Italian type of the name Jordan, the Giordano last name has its foundations in Yarden, the Hebrew name of the Jordan waterway streaming between the nations of Jordan and Israel. Determined fromâ yarad, which means drop or stream down. Its cause is Italian. Renowned People With the Giordano Last Name Umberto Giordano - Italian composerTyrone Giordano - Deaf actorLuca Giordano - seventeenth century Italian artistGus Giordano - Innovator of present day American jazz move Where Do People With the Surname Live? The biggest populaces of people with the Giordano family name are in Italy, as you may anticipate. Agreeing to WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Giordano last name is generally famous in the southern boot of Italy-Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, and Sicilia. There is additionally aâ slightly denser populace in the Piemonte area, however the name is mainstream all through Italy. It is additionally genuinely normal in Argentina. Last name dispersion information from Forebears, demonstrates that Giordano is the eleventh most well known name in Italy and the 30th generally normal in Monaco.Source: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket release), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy. Answer: Presentation Bridling the intensity of the sun to deliver vitality and use it in different structures, for example, power, fuel and so on is getting simpler and less expensive in the current day situation. The current power age framework isn't extremely productive regarding vitality transfer(Maqsood 2013). In this way, a requirement for an increasingly effective framework was felt. It was during the 1970s during the mechanical unrest, that the negative effect of utilizing unnecessary characteristic assets was seen. Before long, researchers understood the results of what can occur if interchange techniques for vitality utilization are not found. Sun oriented vitality or vitality from the sun is accessible to the people in plenitude. It is the most plenteous asset accessible than some other asset. The measure of sunlight based force yield is about 166PW out of which 85PW arrives at the Earth(Khamooshi 2014). The capacity to use this vitality for pretty much every part of vitality utilization today has helped the planet inhale by and by. The utilization of sun oriented vitality for water warming, washing up, shower, and drying crops has had a convention for a long time(Lakatos 2011). With the consuming of non-renewable energy sources in huge amounts for utilization as fuel or power, a lot of poisonous gases were discharged into the earth. This hurt the planet just as each living being on the earth. This paper intends to discuss the advantages and negative marks of sun powered vitality, talk about its degree and break down the task remembering the qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers. The paper additionally targets making systems based on the abovementioned. The extent of the task is following - To talk about the benefits and negative marks of sun oriented force - To talk about methodologies that might be actualized remembering it's qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers. One of the most significant explanations behind the disclosure and innovation of bridling sunlight based force was the genuine danger to nature because of the unreasonable utilization of non-sustainable assets. Primary arrangements are the semiconductor based photovoltaics (PV) and the reflected concentrated sunlight based force (CSP)(Kadar 2014). The targets of this task incorporate investigating the upsides and downsides of sun based force and enrolling systems that might be advantageous. The development of vitality area overall set off an exceptional distraction on discovering elective sustainable power sources and ecological issues(Lupu 2011). So as to break down the benefits and bad marks of sun based force, it is basic to comprehend what causes them and why. The following are talked about the points of interest and disservices of sun oriented force age in detail. The greatest favorable position of sun powered force is that it is accessible to us in bounty. At present, we are just ready to tackle an aggregate of about 0.001 percent of the all out sun oriented vitality accessible to us. It is said that the sum t of vitality delivered by the sun in one hour can possibly meet the worldwide needs of vitality for an entire year. Sun powered vitality, as everyone knows, is a sustainable type of vitality of the most genuine structure. This is a boundless wellspring of vitality and the best substitution to other non-sustainable power sources in India(Phukan 2014). It is accessible wherever on the planet and it is just a matter of how one can use that vitality for their day by day needs. For in any event the following 5 billion years, as indicated by the researchers, is to what extent the sun powered vitality will be accessible to us. The subsequent significant favorable position of usage of sun oriented force is that it lessens power costs. As the sun oriented vitality is accessible to us from the sun, the measure of power one produces utilizing sunlight based vitality is up to the person in question. This usage when contrasted with the power produced through different implies that test to be increasingly unsafe to nature, is likewise more financially savvy and less expensive than customary methods for age of power. Additionally, if an individual can create more power than he utilizes, the overabundance vitality will be moved back to the network. In the radiant however costly heaven known as Hawaii, the anticipated investment funds were about $65,000(Shahan 2013)! This, additional on limited power bulls, will give extra installments to the client. Investment funds can additionally develop in the event that you sell abundance power at high rates during the day and, at that point purchase power from the lattice dur ing the night when the rates are lower(Anonymous 2017). Another bit of leeway of sun based force is the way that it very well may be changed over into warmth, power or fuel. This ends up being particularly useful and utilitarian in remote regions that don't approach the conventional methods for vitality, for example, towns or spots where human access is similarly troublesome like deserts, mountains and so forth. The sun's beams reach all over the place. In this manner, sunlight based vitality is open in wherever where there is sun. Notwithstanding all the above favorable circumstances, sun powered vitality frameworks are similarly less expensive to keep up. When a sun oriented board is set up on the top of the house, there is practically nothing else an individual may need to do. The main issue with their upkeep, likewise with some other thing, is to keep them clean. A few times in a year ought to be sufficient. Likewise, a few producers give guarantees of up to 20-25 years on sun based board frameworks. As there are no moving parts in the framework, there is no mileage. The main thing that may require administration each 5-10 years is the inverter as that runs ceaselessly to change over vitality into power. Because of gigantic advances in the innovation, there are consistent enhancements in the sunlight based force industry consistently. Because of this, researchers have had the option to discover approaches to practically twofold and even triple the measure of vitality changed over in a similar measure of time. Drawbacks Similarly as with some other innovation, there happen to be hindrances to sun based vitality frameworks also. While sun based vitality in itself is the most perfect and cleanest type of vitality accessible on the planet, the expense of establishment of sun powered board frameworks that convert this vitality into its usable structure is really high before all else in any event. There have been sure on-going plans by the administration, for example, exceptions in levy to individuals who utilize sun oriented board frameworks in their homes. Nonetheless, the underlying cost despite everything should be paid by the client. Researchers are working nonstop ordinarily to concoct less expensive methods for making sun oriented vitality accessible to every last one. As sun oriented vitality is gotten from the sun, this strategy is very subject to the climate in a specific territory. In periods of downpour or when the sky is shady, sun oriented boards can't catch the light from the sun. This outcomes in diminished effectiveness of the framework. Additionally, gathering sunlight based vitality during the evening time is beyond the realm of imagination. Another issue with the sun powered vitality framework is that the capacity of overabundance vitality can end up being costly. Sunlight based vitality is intended for guaranteed utilization. Another option is to store it in enormous batteries. These batteries get charged during the day and can be utilized during the night. Be that as it may, capacity of overabundance vitality in enormous batteries is a costly technique. Sun oriented boards occupy a great deal of room to be introduced. This is another factor that decides if one will have the option to utilize a sun oriented vitality framework or not. The more vitality utilization one has, the more number of sunlight based boards the person in question should introduce. Here and there, rooftops are not large or roomy enough for the equivalent. This can influence an individual's choice of utilizing sun powered vitality frameworks. Despite the fact that sun based vitality in itself is spotless, the assembling of sun based boards has been related with the emanation of harmful substances that can cause contamination. All things being equal, this is the least contaminating technique for vitality utilization till date. Researchers are attempting ordinarily to make this framework increasingly viable and less exorbitant. SWOT Analysis Qualities - Sun based vitality's greatest quality is that it is accessible in plenitude. By and large costing of vitality is less expensive. Non dirtying strategy for vitality utilization. It is an imaginative strategy, innovation propelled, one that is propelling each day. It is likewise simple to redistribute. Sun based Energy has progressively been picking up fame and backing from individuals and governments from everywhere throughout the world during the past couple of decades(Higgins 2017). Shortcomings Introductory expense is gigantic. Not accessible around evening time. Not accessible in awful climate conditions. Vitality stockpiling is costly. Occupies a ton of room. Material utilized for making sun based boards is related with making contamination. It isn't entirely dependable. Openings Has a more prominent bit of leeway over non-renewable energy sources as it is plentiful and less dirtying. More current innovation. Potential for progressions. Developing markets target. Accessibility of intensity and warmth in remote zones. Makes openings for work. Dangers Significant expense of beginning establishment. Technique Specification Making a viable arrangement of procedures is fundamental to the execution of any arrangement. Leading ordinary research permits you to comprehend your key contacts, and the difficulties they face(Watson 2014). It is fundamental to get greatest impact from your determination deals group by building up a system to guarantee they are concentrating their endeavors on building long haul associations with the specifiers(Ashworth 2015). The following are a couple of techniques that can be used for powerful usage of sun based vitality frameworks. Sun powered vitality, being the inexhaustible asset that it is, has an additional preferred position over other normal assets that are non-sustainable. In any case, one of the principle issues with sunlight based vitality frameworks is the costing. Researchers are attempting to make sense of approaches to make sun oriented vitality frameworks reasonable. This system can end up being incredibly valuable to the earth. It will likewise bring about decreased expenses of power for the whole gang. Sun oriented vitality as it is happens to be spotless and contamination free. The main disadv

Bankruptcy and Reorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Liquidation and Reorganization - Essay Example On the off chance that the staying expendable month to month salary is more than $166.66, at that point the individual won't the methods test and he isn't qualified for Chapter 7. An individual can't petition for Chapter 7 if a past Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 was excused inside the most recent 180 days. The purpose behind this is the individual may have disregarded the court, the court managed his recording is misrepresentation or established a maltreatment of the liquidation framework. From the above reasons there are high possibilities Beren may be conceded his appeal for automatic insolvency. Different reasons that administering go in support of him are the organization obligations, which is $380,000 and had $550 in the association financial balance. Part 7 or section 11 is recorded when a pained business concludes that it can't support its obligation or pay its lenders. With a government liquidation court it can petition for financial protection assurance under either Chapter 7 or part 11. Part 11 is an endeavor to remain in business under the oversight of a chapter 11 court for redesign. A total or halfway alleviation is conceded by court from the majority of the organization's obligations and its agreements and friends can make a new beginning.

Sports Medicine Essay Research Paper Participation in free essay sample

Sports Medicine Essay, Research Paper Commitment in sports is both a satisfying interest and a bit of keeping up genuinely furthermore, intellectually fit. A few people may only be keen on general molding and weight reduction, while others may want explicit exercisings for specific occasions. Notwithstanding the movement, perils are ever included, and today? s specialist must have the option to non simply handle the varying damages that emerge, however close to offer promoter on a wide extent of other interconnected points. ( Berger 294 ) Sports clinical forte is the bar and intercession of harms endured by muscle heads in including exercises. A muscle head is any individual who participates in any kind of games, from the individuals who stroll for practicing to the individuals who play competitory athleticss. ( Darden XI ) Athletes non simply require intercession for athleticss harms however every piece great guide or exhortation identified with athleticss exercises. In the past such individuals would make a trip to their doctor or chief and secure standard clinical or athletic joining in. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sports Medicine Essay Research Paper Participation in or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Presently, an ever increasing number of athletes are going to specialists in the field of athleticss clinical forte. ( Berger 2 ) Sports clinical forte includes a wide combination of strengths. In the undermentioned investigation, connection to a adjusted eating routine, bar of damages and first help, will be taken a gander at. As great, the history what's more, significance of athleticss clinical claim to fame and why there is an interest for this field of clinical strength. History Sports Medicine has for quite some time been accessible to the harmed athlete. An Egyptian careful manual composed during the age of the Old Kingdom # 8211 ; in excess of 4000 mature ages back clarified mediations for injuries and interruptions. Hippocrates ( 460-377 BC ) , the antiquated Greek regarded as the male parent of clinical claim to fame, portrayed medical procedure to patch an incoherent shoulder seeing that, ? Numerous people inferable from this mishap have been obliged to relinquish aerobatic works out. ? ( Edelson 18 ) The idea that competitors need specific consideration goes all the way back to antiquated Greece. In those yearss the athleticss clinical strength doctors were called gymnasts, a Grecian word that initially alluded to the individuals who prepared and treated athletes. ( Berger 9 ) Over the undermentioned hundreds of years athleticss clinical claim to fame dropped in significance. Populaces were diminishing because of infection, epidemics and famishment. Specialists were profoundly constrained by the medications and intercessions that were accessible. They were to a great extent worried about the patients perseverance. Since athleticss was such a little bit of everyday life, they saw little interest to build up this development of clinical strength. ( Berger 9-10 ) These appalling fortunes remained the equivalent until the terminal of the 1800? s, around the clasp of re-enthusiasm for athleticss, unconventionally in the Olympics. The main book in English on athleticss clinical strength was distributed in 1898. ( Edelson 19 ) Three trend-setter athleticss researchers, Robert Osgood, P.D. Wilson, and Gus Thorndike, set up the primary fittingness investigate lab at Harvard University in 1919. ( Berger 10 ) The Global Congress of Sports Medicine was established in 1928, and the American School of Sports Medicine followed, in 1954. These associations started the developing of a development of clinical claim to fame whose rehearsing experts treat 1000000s of patients every year, in North America and abroad. ( Edelson 19 ) Sustenance Sustenance is extremely of import in athleticss clinical claim to fame. For a muscle head to stay in top structure, the natural structure must gain a wide extent of nourishments to support its physiological turn of events. The right eating routine is the primary measure. Assessments of what comprises a reasonable eating regimen change marginally, be that as it may, most specialists concede to the rudimentss. The solitary distinction between what an athlete and a nonathlete ought to eat is a to some degree higher utilization from the staff of lifes and grain bunch for the individuals who do a cluster of continuance planning. Nutritional category *SERVINGS PRINCIPAL FOODS Milk 3-4 Cheese, milk, yogurt, home cheddar Meat 2 Meat, household fowl, fish, eggs ( other than beans ) Vegetables and Fruit 1 Vitamin C: citrous natural product foods grown from the ground 1 Vitamin Angstrom: carrots, Brassica oleracea italica, verdant vegetables 2 White murphies, different veggies Breads and Cereals 4 Whole-grain and improved staff of lifes grains ; rice ; pasta ; noodles Supernumeraries 2-4 Butter, veggie oils, nectar, confects desserts, carbonated beverages ( * insignificant figure of everyday helpings for juvenile adults ) ( Edelson 45 ) Eating for Maximum Performance The undermentioned of import focuses for boosting athletic open introduction and level of wellbeing were conceived from the enormous natural structure of research that has been done on legitimate eating regimen and great nourishment. # 8211 ; Most muscle heads need a higher than mean vitality, or Calorie, utilization. The best beginnings for those Calories are the grains, dried natural product, staff of lifes, and pastas. Complex saccharides are basic since they contain minerals and nutrients, as great as the components for the essential glucose, glucose. Basic saccharides, in the signifier of natural product, squeezes, and nectar, are other than significant, despite the fact that the straightforward 1s in confect bars what's more, different Sweets are? void Calories, ? without different nourishments. Pieces of candy or other such incitements truly drain creature starch degrees. A reasonable eating regimen requires neither protein addendums nor nutrient or mineral addendums. Ladies competitors do require to watch their Fe degrees, however, and vegans ought to consult with a doctor about their specific requests, for example, taking B12 nutrients Addendums s uch as salt tablets, honey bee dust, wheat sources, aminic acids, and other ? enchantment activity? fixings are all things considered unneeded additional items to a solid diet. It is of import to supplant sweat and different liquids by assimilating large aggregates of H2O. ( Edelson 42 ) * Carbohydrate ingestion and leftover portion before an occasion will exceed recharge musculus creature starch. Anticipation of Injuries The most useful organizations of limiting the complexities of athleticss harms is bar, and the main measure to bar is a finished physical investigation. This is especially of import for youngster and should take topographic point even before molding Begins. Specific going to ought to be paid to those nations that will be generally engaged with the athletic action, and all musculotendinous upsets or abnormalcies ought to be noted. The frequence and disagreeableness of numerous damages may so be reduced by appropriate molding and preparing. ( Mercier 294 ) Molding Appropriate molding implies the advancement of solidarity, continuance, cardiovascular fittingness, force, and flexibleness. It other than incorporates the advancement of appropriate natural structure mechanics, signifiers, and legerity. Lower extremity damages can all around be decreased by meat uping exercisings. Extending exercisings can be utilized to keep away from strong strains. Remaining in structure during the slow time of year may influence running stepss and running in topographic point at place. ( Mercier 294 ) Heating Up Get bringing down any movement a tiny bit at a time will chop down the rate of hurt, especially hurt to the muscle-ligament unit. Extending is especially of import to maintain a strategic distance from strain. Adaptability is every now and again lessened after a significant stretch of inaction, and extending is curiously of import while restarting a sports. Two sorts of extending exercisings might be performed. Idle extending is a moderate, progressive extending through full movement, and keeping at the spot for 10 to twenty seconds before relax uping. A pulling esthesis, non harming, ought to be felt. Ballistic extending, which includes quick, resolute movements, is other than now and again utilized however is all things considered less useful and may even do minor solid cryings. It is typically non suggested. ( Mercier 295 ) Chilling Appropriate wonts after exacting practicing permit musculuss to chill off sufficiently and to disseminate heat. Subsequent to running, it is typically exhorted non to only stop or untruth prostrate however, to stroll for five to ten proceedingss thus rest in a situated spot. This might be especially of import for the heart position of the individual. On the off chance that the practicing is halted unexpectedly, blood pooling can occur in the legs causation swoon, Hypertension, and arrhythymias. ( Mercier 295 ) Emergency treatment The American Red Cross characterizes premier guide as? the prompt consideration given to a person who has been harmed or has out of nowhere become sick. ? First help is prompt help. Each endeavor ought to be made to secure the harmed athlete to advance consideration. This first help leader ought to balance out the person in question thus orchestrate travel. An essential misgiving of self improvement and spot consideration starts with the principal help unit. There are numerous topographic focuses that competitors need a first help unit in the auto, office, knapsack, bicycle, and most likely on the athletic field and in the molding room. While it very well may be costly to buy total supplies for every area, the individual can purchase the supplies in lion's share and amass them himself, in this manner rescuing cash. ( Darden 116 ) A well-prepared first help pack: Cement strips ( Band-Aids ) 70 grouped Sticky tape 1 in. x 10 yds. Cotton balls 250 Flexible fix 3 in. x 126 yds. Roller cloth fix 2 in. x 5 yds. Security pins Assorted sizes Scissorss Small Sterile dressing cushions 15 m

Pollution Essay free essay sample

Contamination happens completely all over the place, each and every second of the day, wherever on earth. It occurred in any city, any town, or any state. You can discover contamination in vehicles, home hardware, individual cleanliness items, catastrophic events, and even your own home. Contamination is poison for whatever lives and inhales; it could toxify water, air, land, people, and creatures, and isn't to be trifled with. As a law people ought to be increasingly chivalrous of their environmental factors and invest more energy to save the world we live in, regardless of whether it is badly arranged to us. In such a case that we don’t spare ourselves, who will? The impacts we could do to spare our planet from contamination could be proactive, rather than calamitous and awful. Everybody benefits when we have clean water, air, land, and so on not only a certain something. For instance, you never hear any news on the TV, or over the web discussing how an individual died from clean air overdose, that would be insane. We will compose a custom paper test on Contamination Essay or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Rather we hear news like, man passed on from contamination, family living in home contamination, water tests show contamination particles, the rundown could go on until the end of time. By recognizing the issue early, we can begin to switch the contamination procedure. Subsequently, we can take what we have now and set new measures and laws that can help us from murdering ourselves over the long haul and placing the earth in an all the more spotless state. The issue is, not every person concurs with the way that contamination is harming us at this moment, or going to hurt us, and new ages to come. Individuals get this data from inconsequential and bogus sources and afterward spread that data to others that will enthusiastically tune in, without complaint. This announcement overlooks the main issue however; the truth of the matter is individuals are attempting to help us now. Also, despite the fact that we probably won't feel the negative impacts, it doesn’t mean it’s not transpiring at this moment. A few spots have more elevated levels of contamination in their air and water and those individuals may be in more peril than others, and they probably won't know it. Therefore one individual can't do this without anyone else, it needs overall exertion, from everybody. Individuals need to quit being lethargic and accomplish something for themselves, as well as other people. Likewise individuals need to begin contemplating the future, and not simply the year that’s going on this moment. To satisfy these high needs of work and cost, I figure individuals ought to be required to carpool with others a couple of times each week, or quit utilizing young lady items like hairspray and different jars of artificial synthetic compounds and CFC’s that exhaust the ozone layer and cause minor however noteworthy contamination. In the event that individuals truly tried to change something little they do each day, and everybody did it, consider how much good change could occur. What's more, never think in light of the fact that something’s little, it won’t hurt â€Å"As much† in light of the fact that its kin like that who picked the most noticeably awful choices. Additionally I’m sure for most items, or individual cleanliness items wouldn’t have an issue changing a couple of synthetic compounds in their item to make it more individuals and planet agreeable. There have been such a large number of organizations and associations that have helped the earth and have decreased the measure of poisons we use. Individuals ordinary attempt to think of new thoughts, and systems to get us where we have to go, and what we have to do, without the destructive impacts of synthetic substances and poisons. So as iv expressed commonly in this exposition, one little individual can have a tremendous effect, however not just one individual can do only it. We as a whole need to attempt to assist with sparing our condition from contamination for ourselves, and for people in the future. What's more, simply think, if everybody changed something in their day by day schedule to make it more planet benevolent, how that could end up helping we all over the long haul.

Exothermic Reactions Examples

Exothermic Reactions Examples Exothermic Reactions An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the overall release of energy in the form of heat or light. "exo" means outside and "therm" refers to heat. When an exothermic reaction occurs the heat and/or light is released to the surroundings. Examples of Exothermic Reactions: 1. A campfire is an exothermic reaction. 2. A propane grill is an exothermic reaction. 3. Fireworks are exothermic reactions. 4. When aluminum foil is placed in hydrochloric acid, the test tube becomes very warm. 5. Calcium carbide mixed with water releases enough heat to cook an egg.

A Fools Manual to Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples

A Fool's Manual to Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Their group of lazy, unqualified writers will likely make you pay for a sample essay that may easily be located on the web free of charge. This advice will help you not just to stop particular hazards that you may face while reading eBook frequently but also ease you to take pleasure in the reading experience with amazing relaxation. It's a fact that there are a great deal of sites out there which promise their potential clients top-class papers. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Our normal essay examples are free while our custom essays can be bought at fair rates. An essay usually means an in depth writing on a topic. When you would like a well-written essay that resembles the example philosophy essay on the website, you will need to unders tand how to start it. The sample philosophy essay will direct you about what to do. The reach of a biology essay is truly wide. You must be sure that research is related to your theme. Perhaps the most usual problem that students have, when they're assigned an essay, is they aren't even certain how to start. Speak about your subject of essay by means of your professor and choose. It will be useful to have an amazing eBook reader to be in a position to have a wonderful reading experience and higher excellent eBook display. You ought not take advantage of the eBook constantly for a number of hours without rests. The process for purchasing a customized essay is so straightforward. You might need to mention examples from each one of the categories below. Thus, they all need timely expert help. You might also need to incorporate any new ideas or strategies you need to try. Any borrowed information ought to be referenced according to the referencing style needed by the tutor. In here you'll observe examples on various subjects in some specific formatting style s and of distinct kinds of essays. Within this regard, the function of the web and processes happening when socializing online person undergoes are not yet been discovered. Don't be concerned about a number of them being rather abstract their primary aim is to reveal to you the basic principles that you'll have the ability to transfer to your own writing. This section was made to help all those suffering from this task and offers short but effective guidelines about how to steer clear of mistakes in citation and formatting and produce your work easy-to-comprehend. Therefore, applying philosophy to language provides the language itself a completely new meaning. This date might be delayed by one year in the event the candidate has had or adopted a kid. French proficiency would thus be helpful for everyday life, but isn't mandatory. In the majority of states, a passing score has to be earned before the teacher education graduate may apply for their teaching license or certific ate. Philosophy of life will differ between each individual. When you try to find a sample biology lab file, the very first thing that you ought to pay attention to is the degree of its originality. Biology research paper topics need a lot of research, analytical abilities, exceptional formatting abilities and appropriate mastery of the appropriate content taught in a standard classroom setting. The very best method is to order your college or higher school biology lab report at our site, since this is how you are going to receive a paper of the maximum level within the established time frame. It's not difficult to become high grades in your Biology term paper if you know the fundamentals and you're not terrified of making just a little work. Things You Won't Like About Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples and Things You Will I think that no 2 people will have observed life in the identical way. To kill an individual is the best evil one man can cause to another, because it' s not reversible and, in reality, brings the presence of a man as we know him to a conclusion. However, such isn't the case for all people. In summary, it's obvious that all individuals utilize philosophy in day to day life, whether they know of it or not. Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples and Philosophy of Biology Essay Samples - The Perfect Combination From the hypothesis, scientific methods can be utilized to check the hypothesis. For a very long time scientific outcome, methods, assumptions, and hypothesis have yet to be verified as true or falls. Philosophy of science is crucial in the area of medicine. Provide sufficient theory together with practical outcomes. We've got several writing experts who possess the proper skills to take care of interesting biology topics. Proceeding to manage your controversial biology topics under such condition may indicate you will do it beneath a lot of pressure. It's been common for individuals to think about those from different societies to be somehow different and inferior. The reason you're doing this with these subjects is because all of them are just general ideas, and you must narrow down the subject to create your essay a lot easier to write.

I Am At A Critical Juncture - 959 Words

I am at a critical juncture in my professional life. I have spent twenty years in management and leadership roles, fifteen of these in project management. I’ve held every role within project management, and could choose to dive very deep and stay in this field, or pivot. This scenario is also true for my industry; I’ve been in education technology for eighteen years. As I reflect on what is important to me, and how to make the most influence, I find that I have some really great skills, and some ingrained behaviors that challenge me. This paper allowed me to reflect on the four questions posed in the critical thinking assignment. Question One The first question is how do you use critical thinking in decision making and problem solving in your professional life? My first experience of not using critical thinking was when I was getting my BA in Political Science. I was selected to go to a conference for my school on Asian – American foreign relations. My degree focused on middle-eastern politics rather than Asian, and I provided a comment in a focus group scenario, which clearly showed I was thinking off the cuff rather than critically. The moderator called me on it, and from that point forward, I have made it a point to truly think before I speak in professional settings. This happened many years ago. In my professional life, I have used this lesson to be honest about what I know and don’t know when answering a question, then following up on learning more as needed.Show MoreRelatedWhy Nations Fail Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesorder. Without this public service, people could just steal the things one wo rks for, thus creating a loss of incentive. Chapter 4 Summary- Small Differences and Critical Juntures: The Weight of History The argument in this chapter seems to be that, however small the distinctions may be between societies, there are â€Å"critical junctures† in history that can change development. 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Elmina Corporation Case Study - 1237 Words

Introduction Elmina Corporation is a $25 million-dollar data collection and analysis company that has been in business for less than two years. With expected growth by over 60% in the next eighteen months, the company is looking for ways to leverage the collected data but wants to ensure that the information technology (IT) infrastructure will support the expected growth that the company is anticipating. The information technology will have to be redesigned to support the growth. With a limited technology infrastructure to back the expected growth, all its IT must be redesigned for support. The solution must be implemented in either a hosted solution, on-site solution, or a hybrid model. Various technologies and partners are to be†¦show more content†¦The goal is to encourage specific products to those customers most likely to acquire them, and to determine which products a specific customer is most likely to buy. This helps to raise the percentage of revenue to marketing costs. A description of current outsourcing and offshoring activities. Offshoring web analytics is the current trend in outsourcing. Outsourcing web analytics is possible since it’s websites, the website’s popularity and business performance are intertwined. Outsourcing web analytics can be done ways, offsite and onsite web analytics. Most American companies are choosing to offshore to India due to it being an English speaking, as well as it’s cheap labor (Singh, 2012). Offsite analytics allows you to analyze and quantify web activities. Since the data needed for web analytics are created online, thus analysis can be conducted from any location. Hence, clients that decide to send web analytics jobs pick low cost outsourcing destinations, as the raw data can be transferred swiftly to any location through email or File Transfer Protocol (FTP). When a client opts to outsource web analytics, various measures that ensure the level of security that a client needs are adopted. Varied levels of security can be applied at both hardware and software levels, utilizing firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), intrusion prevention systems, along with many more. The outsourcing team can have a small team working from the client’sShow MoreRelatedMergers and Acquisitions in Ghana20927 Words   |  84 Pagesrelatively new in the country, mergers and acquisitions are not well understood in Ghana. This study examines the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the acquiring company’s corporate financial performance, within the Ghanaian economy, using Guinness Ghana Breweries Limited as case study. The issue was investigated using performance measure based on the company’s annual reports. The results of the study show that the accounting performance declined after the merger. There has being a downwardRead MorePatient Family Care Study on Ovarian Cyst at Crh - Cape Coast15920 Words   |  64 Pages| THREE | PHARMACOLOGY OF DRUGS | | | | | FOUR | NURSING CARE PLAN | | | | | FIVE | AMENDMENT OF CARE PLAN | | PREFACE The patient/family care study is a written document of the nursing care rendered to patient/family from the day of admission throughout his/her stay in the hospital and after discharge. This study adapts the concept of the nursing process approach in managing patient/family health problems. With particular focus on independent nursing care interventions and the

Social Disorganization Theory By The Chicago School

The theory that I found most illuminating in sociology is the social disorganization theory because is amongst the most imperative theories developed by the Chicago School, identified with ecological theories. The theory straightforwardly connects crime rates to neighbourhood ecological characteristics which a center standard of social disorganization theory is that place matters. In different words, an individual s private area is a significant component shaping the probability that that individual will get to be included in illegal activities. The theory proposes that, among determinants of an individual’s later illegal movement, private area is as significant as or even more significant than a person s own characteristics for example gender, race or age. Case in point, the theory proposes that young people from bad neighbourhoods take part in a subculture which supports on doing deviant activities and that these young people in this way gain criminality in this cultural a nd social setting. Criminologists, and in addition to other social researchers, take a gander at numerous things when attempting to refute what causes individuals to deviate from social and group norms with respect to their criminal actions. Therefore, It takes after that sociologists have created social structure speculations with an end goal to link behaviour examples to social-economic control and other social variables. Emerging from the social structure theories is social disorganizationShow MoreRelatedEssay about Social Disorginization theory 1296 Words   |  6 PagesShaw and McKay (1942) focused their research on the rapidly expanding city of Chicago Illinois in the early 1900’s. 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Lesson Description Of What You And The Students Will Do Essay

Lesson Description (Overall description of what you and the students will do) I will start the class by showing a YouTube video or two to provide the context of our reading to students. To start off the lesson, I will have a powerpoint projecting the three new vocabulary words, â€Å"martyr†, â€Å"cadaver† and â€Å"demonstration† up on screen and I will make students learn these new words and ask them to jot down the definitions in their notebooks. I will also review the academic language at the beginning to make sure students are fully equipped and ready to dive into the reading seamlessly. After this, I will provide handouts of Persepolis chapter #4 to students and ask them to read the text on their own and understand the characters. Next, I will ask students to form a group a write a description and construct a picture of a specific word, as a part of the formative assessment. 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Strategies &Technologies Business Financialâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Strategies Technologies Business Financial? Answer: Introduction The introduction of many plans, strategies and technologies has changed the business market environment. The companies are focusing on developing the efficiency of their employees by determining and fulfilling their needs. The employees are very much concern about their future and for this they invest their savings in different schemes that will provide them maximum return. The managers of the company also help the employees to achieve their goals and combine all the strategies of the company to achieve the goals. The management team also implement strategies to achieves the goals with their staff members. The efficient market hypothesis proposes that the current prices of stock are the indicators total value of a firm. The movement in the shares of the company shows its performance in the market. The investors determine and analyses the financial position of the company before making an investment decision. The management team of the company is responsible for enhancing the performa nce of the company. The fair representation of the financial statements is very much important for the organizations. The companies have to follow the rules and regulations implemented by the government. The employees contribute their efforts for the development of the company and they plan for the future by investing their income in appropriate programs. The companies have to increase their profits in order to generate returns for their shareholders. At the time of decision-making process in the territory sectors, some of the significant factors are considered by the employees of the territory sectors. This decision helps the employees to decide the place of investment of their superannuation in the investment choice plan (ICP) or Defined benefits plan (DBP) (Chen and Hao, 2013). It is necessary to the employees that they should donate an amount of their income into the superannuation. Elimination of the issues from social security system like the pension payments at retirement stage was the main motto of introducing this superannuation law. Through the application of the defined benefit plan, at the retirement stage, the employees should get a portion of the benefit. This plan is based on the formula which involves the age of the employee, numbers of years of working, and the salary of the employees. The following formula determines the retirement benefits: Retirement benefit = duration of membership benefit salary average service fraction Lumb-sum factor. The company determines that the superannuation contribution is invested and united in the assets of the employees in territory sector who chose the defined benefit plans. The above-given formula helps to estimate the final benefit payment. The investment performance of the asset group is inappropriate, and the payments of the retired employees are not affected by it. This plan shows that the employees dont get any benefits from the profits earning of the asset portfolio which is associated with the performance of the company. The company should be responsible for the full fund of the defined benefits (Dauber, 2005). The additional benefits and paid by the company on the basis annually adjustment. The companies never guarantee to pay the benefits to their employees, and under the plan, they form a few superannuation benefits. The personal superannuation is included in the selection of the investment choice program of the employees. The management charges, the annual distribution of th e benefit and the administrations are also included under it. The employees select the types of portfolios under the investment choice plan which includes the superannuation contributions (Dvorak, 2012). The investment strategies are discussed below: Security of the fund: security of the fixed cash and the interests. Stability of the fund: maintain the stability of the fund and the security of the domestic property and the shares. Fund selection of the company: the balanced funds, properties, shares and private equity. Shares funds: the investment in the abroad and domestic shares. The strategies of the company can be differentiated by the risk factors of the secure resources. By the comparison, it is known that the secure funds have the lowest level of risks and the share funds have the highest level of risks. In spite of that, these share funds are expected to give a high rate of return. The selected investment strategies of the employees generate the dependability of the selection of the investment choice funds at their retirement level (Emery, Finnerty and Stowe, 2011). This investment strategy can be a reason of the risk factor with the superannuation contributions. During the retirement, the employees are provided a huge range of investment products by the company. The company also offers them the investment choice plan and the defined benefit plan to manage the retirement benefits. The investment options are as follows: Indexed pension: this pension is just like regular income, the company will be payable to the employees till the death of the employee. Life index pension: this pension is like regular income provided to the employees by company and contact to the capital and placement of the capital by the investment strategies (Gerrans and Clark, 2013). Roll over pension: the employee will be able to transfer the balance of his fund to any other approved industrial or personal superannuation and can save the amount of saving account or deposit funds. Distribution of the cash amount: if the retired want then the balance of the retirement fund can be used for the personal, industrial or investment consumption reason. With the help of the decision-making process, the employees can choose any alternative combination of the investment which is entirely dependable on the lifestyle, income and the requirements of the employees. The value of the time, money and the high price of the cost can be dominant the risk of the investment. The retired employees must have the idea that when and where they should invest their money and which can be more beneficial (Helbk, Lindset and McLellan, 2010). So the decision making quality can consider the nature of the employee's mind. The company should be responsible for the full fund of the defined benefits. The additional benefits and paid by the company on the basis annually adjustment. Retirement means several things to different people. For others, retirement may be a regular process as they leave service for a point and return presently, or vary their operational hours as priorities transfer and distorted. The economic aspects are often compound, and getting reli able and the subject information is critical. Everyones requirements and prospect in retirement will be different. The contribution of the annual retirement is shown in the form of the mutual explanation of the work. Good retirements preparation is not just about our instant living expenses, but the possible long-term expenses too (Horngren, 2013). The age pension fund is paid to people who meet period and placement requirements. Many populaces in retirement live on a mix of their investments and the government age pension fund. The profits tests are used to work out our rate of age pension fund based on income obtain. The property test is used to work out at our rate of age retirement fund based on the values of assets, including material goods. The employees should select the programs in a proper manner so that they would be able to get the maximum benefit. The employees will invest the low-risk portfolio to manage up with the obligations. The funds are deposited in the retirement account which increases as per as the rules and policy. The annual retirement is the pension program which is created by the organizations for the benefit of the employees (Ippolito, 2014). Thus, the annual retirement program is carried out by the organizations to support the life of the people after their retirement. The employees have to save funds for the future purpose as well as for their family. The time value of money is very much important in the decision-making process. The companies also implement rules and regulations for the welfare of the employees. The superannuation forms of the study are intensified by showing the illustration of the Australia. The distribution of the certain ranges of nature of forms is illustrated depicting the i ncrement of the superannuation amount. The development of the working conditions shows the contributions for annual retirement which is reporting the explanation in the form of donation. The enhancement of the work is showing the appropriate amount which is shown in the illustrated forms, showing the increase of the work. The focus is created by the conduct which is indicating the impulsion by indicating the introduction of the work. The annual retirement policies are made for the purpose of showing the removal of the trouble and also the social security system (Oppermann, 2009). The benefits are depicted to be showing the different creations of the illustrations which are explaining the differentiations, are made in the form of the retirement plan and also the explanation of the focus is made by showing the construction of the work which is made by indicating the enhancement of the study. The support at the retirement stages of the lives which are the provision of the pension payme nts. The representation is showing the form of financial institutions and also the annual pension funds. It enables the enhancement of the work which is showing the mutual funds, and it also indicated the form of justice securities in the security share markets of the Australia (Rahman, 2015). The benefits are provided in the kind of difference which is created in the form of savings which are established by showing the explanation of the tertiary education in the shape of employees which are shown during the formulation of the investments. The contribution of the annual retirement is shown in the form of the mutual explanation of the work. The plans are made by demonstrating the improvement of the work and also the clarification of the benefits which are appropriately made by showing the enhancement of the investment risks. The suitable risks are categorized by indicating the form of the collection of binds in the shape of the bond securities, and also the private shares are includ ed in this case. The explanation clearly shows the annual adjustments which are included in the form of the payouts that are made to the employees during the time of the retirement (Hill, 2014). This enables in ensuring the values that are constructed for showing the proper purpose of the work as it is illustrated in this case. The hypothesis gives an explanation of the information which is mentioned in the study. The determination of the hypothesis helps in proving the strong and efficient state of the market. Both the private as well as public information are included in the study and are represented by exhibiting a certain frame of the structure of work. The study also seeks to focus on the process of enhancement of the cycles (Rayman, 2013). The display of the trends is in the form of revelation of the counting, which is the responsibility of the manager of finance. The cycles must also be put forward by exhibiting the satisfactory counting of trends that are observed. The innovation also includes a part containing analysis by the display of the enhancement of counting on the basis of trends. There is a focus on the structure enhancement that is displayed by showing the appropriate development of returns that are undergoing analysis for explaining the high rate of returns (Schmidt, 2016). Thus, the pric es that are shown in the form of theories are structured according to the appropriate forms in the most suitable way. The theories include clearly described analysis which is appropriately performed according to the desired manner and is include an appropriately designed structure. There is also an efficient explanation of the structure by displaying constant rates, and the analysis depends on the weak, the superior or the semi-weak nature of rates, as is the case. The efficiently performed market analysis is thus further enhanced by enhancing the research behind the study and by further explanation of the work done, by delving into more details. Popularly known by all as the Random Walk Theory, the efficient market hypothesis proposes that the current prices of stock are full indicators of the information available about the firms value. It further proposes that there is no other way to earn any additional profit with the help of this information (Yip, 2010). The topic with which this theory deal is one of the most fundamental yet most exciting issues in the field of finance, that it, the reason why prices in the security markets change and the process by which such changes take place. There are many significant implications of this theory for all investors as well as managers of finance. This hypothesis makes it clearly evident that making profits from the prediction of movements in prices is very tough and most unlikely as well. Source: Yip, 2010 The downward sloping curve (demand) in the above graph shows the extent to which the efficient market hypothesis is true as the function to which the people believe that efficient market hypothesis is true. It shows that there is a relation between the fundamental values and market prices which reflect that the EMH is true. The upward sloping curve (supply) also shows that it is true because the market prices reflect all the information on the fundamental values. The hypothesis under discussion is depicted by displaying the profit which is earned through the show of the predictable price. The suggestions can also be made by displaying the proper depiction of the findings which may seem unlikely if not depicted clearly (Horngren, 2014). The primary theory that is connected with the prices involved and the arrival as well is performed by displaying the depictions of the difficulties and the price changes. Hence the evidence of the information is visible in the increase in the structure of the market. The explanation of the costs of the security is given in regard to the study that is under consideration and the impact of the same on the business is made visible by the widening of that work. The broadening of the work is in turn made by showing enhancement in the work. The work is being constructed by the proper explanation of the work in consideration. This hence shows the description of the work and the detection of the stocks are depicted in this regard (Zhao, Wang and Wei, 2015). The innovation also includes a part containing analysis by the display of the enhancement of counting on the basis of trends. The case in consideration thus shows the appropriate explanation as regards the misprice that was depicted. References Chen, S. and Hao, Z. (2013). Funding and investment decisions in a stochastic defined benefit pension plan with regime switching*.Lithuanian Mathematical Journal, 53(2), pp.161-180. Dvorak, T. (2012). Timing of Retirement Plan Contributions and Investment Returns: The Case of Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution.The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis Policy, 12(1). Dauber, N. (2005).2006 Auditing standards. Canada: Thomson. GERRANS, P. and CLARK, G. (2013). Pension plan participant choice: Evidence on defined benefit and defined contribution preferences.Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 12(04), pp.351-378. Emery, D., Finnerty, J. and Stowe, J. (2011).Corporate financial management. Morristown, NJ: Wohl Publishing. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Helbk, M., Lindset, S. and McLellan, B. (2010).Corporate finance. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education. Oppermann, H. (2009).Accounting standards. Lansdowne: Juta. Ippolito, R. (2014). Replicating Default Risk in a Defined-Benefit Plan.Financial Analysts Journal, 58(6), pp.31-40. Rahman, N. (2015).Corporate Finance. North Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia. Parrino, R. (2015).Corporate Finance. Singapore: John Wiley Sons Schmidt, C. (2016). A Journey Through Time: From The Present Value To The Future Value And Back Or: Retirement Planning: A Comprehensible Application Of The Time Value Of Money Concept.American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 9(3), p.137. Rayman, R. (2013).Accounting Standards. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Yip, M. (2010). The use value of money in the law of unjust enrichment.Legal Studies, 30(4), pp.586-609. Schroeder, R., Clark, M. and Cathey, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory and analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Zhao, Q., Wang, R. and Wei, J. (2015). Minimization of risks in defined benefit pension plan with time-inconsistent preferences.Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 32(2), pp.243-258. Hill, J. (2014).The accounting. 1st ed. Place of publication not identified]: The Author. Horngren, C. (2014).Accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada

Cell Counting And MTT Assay Free Sample - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Describe about the Cell counting and MTT Assay? Answer: Abstract We report here about the etoposide induced cellular toxicity on HeLa cells as etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent and has been characterised as Topoisomerase II inhibitor and DNA damaging agent. To analyse etoposite induced cellular toxicity MTT assasy was performed. Analysing the results upon considering group S3 of HeLa cells as control with 100% survival, it was observed that S1 and S2 group alone show 50.4% and 67.4% survival respectively which is in agreement to the number of cells seeded for the experiment. However, treatment with Etoposide shows a decrease in survival percentage as compared to cells alone. Upon comparison of S1+Et group with S1 alone, only 48.9% survival was observed. Similarly, S2+Et and S3+Et group showed 55.3 and 47.3% survival only in comparison to S2 and S3 groups respectively. This indicates that maximum inhibitory effect of etoposide was observed in treatment with S3 group and minimum anticancerous potential was observed in treatment with S2 group. Et oposide treatment to S1 group however, showed significant variation in percentage survival of HeLa cells. Introduction Effects on etoposide result in damage to DNA in various forms such as DNA fragmentation, DSB, SSB, damage to repair mechanisms, all of which can cumulatively result in deleterious side-effects like cancer and eventually cell death. The mode of action followed by etoposide induced DNA damage and consequent apoptosis, mainly involves radiolytic splitting of water followed by production of various ROS/RNS like hydroxyl radicals (HO), Superoxide radicals etc. The deleterious biological effects of etoposide are manifested in form of altered cellular metabolic and proliferative activity, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and eventually cell death (Kausch et al., 2005).. Several indigenous cellular mechanisms play an important role in protecting living organisms against cellular toxicities, e.g., shielding cells from lipid peroxidation, scavenging of secondary free radicals, suppression of protracted oxidative stress, decrease in O2 concentration and enhancement of DNA repair (Sypni ewski et al., 2013). Etoside is known to produce enzymatic and morphological changes, like increases in lysosomal enzyme content, H2O2 production, membrane ruffling, etc. It has also been documented that phagocytic activity and the production of ROS such as H2O2 and O2 are increased. Etoposide exhibits an important role in therapy for many kinds of cancer. However, it can also result in inflammation and accompanying injury (Ibuki and Goto, 2004). HeLa cell line is an immortal human cell line which is very traditionally used in clinical research. This cell line was established in 1951 from a lady name Henrietta Lacks, who died because of cervical cancer and this cell line, was said to remarkably durable at that time. Later this cell line was extensively used in various researches like analysing radiation effects, polio AIIDS research and notably in cancer research. The main speciality of this cell line is that it abnormally grows rapidly more rapidly than any other cancerous cell line as during division it has rapid and active telomere region (Bottomley et al., 1969). To observe the etoposide induced cellular toxicity MTT cell viability assay was performed with observe test sets of cell. MTT cell viability assay is basically works on the concept of reduction of MTT and formation of formazan crystals. It is a unique assay that is designed in 96 well or 8 well plate formats and could analyse cell toxicities in rapid duration of time. MTT is basically 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and assay was first of its kind to observe cell in homogeneous suspension. MTT tetrazolium assay has been widely accepted and is been routinely used to validate chemotherapeutic compounds, drugs and natural product for their cellular toxicity against cell of specific origin. According to concept the live cell which is metabolically converts the MTT to formazan crystal but when cell die it loses its ability to convert the MTT to formazan hence it serves as a marker for viable cells. While assay several precaution must be taken as sensitivity of assay depends upon concentration of MTT ( 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), duration of incubation, metabolic positions and number of cells. In the present study toxic effect of etopoide was done to established the cell viability and percentage survival against incubation with etoposide. Prior to experiment it is assume that etoposide forms a ternary structure that inhibits the topoisomerase and leads to DNA strand breaks and toxicity and expected to reduce the cell number compared to untreated control samples. Material Hela cell line, Etoposide, High glucose Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (HG-DMEM), Trypan Blue, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and RNase were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2II-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from certified reagent supplier. Cell Culture: HeLa cells is cervical cancer cell line and were procured and maintained in the institutional cell culture facilty. Stock of cells were cultured in routine passages in DMEM containing 25 mM glucose, 43 mM bicarbonate, 25mM HEPES buffer, 5000U penicillin, and 5mg/ml streptomycin at 37C under 5% CO2 atmosphere supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS. Cells were passaged 2-3 times each week by scraping to maintain them in healthy log phase. For the experiments, cells were seeded at low density (0.5 106 cells/ml) in 25cm2 diameter Petridishes calculation was done with the help of hemocytometer. Treatment After cell seeding three set of cultured cells petridishes were selected and named as S1, S2 and S2. Calculating the cell through haemocytometer where group S1, group S2 and group S3 having approximately 20x104 cells /ml. Fixed concentration of etoposide i.e 40M was added to every petridish and incubated for 24h for analysis. Method 1:1 dilution of cell suspension of trypan blue was prepared by adding 20l of trypan blue with 20 of cell suspension and gently vortexing for few minutes and then 10l of cell suspension was taken for cell counting at haemocytometer and in other chamber alone trypan blue was taken. Microscope was adjusted to focus to observe crosshatch grid at 10X magnification. Cell viability assay was performed according to standard protocol designed by assay guideline manual. Cytotoxicity and metabolic activity was determined using the microtiter MTT assay (Berridge et al. 1996). MTT is a yellow water-soluble tetrazolium dye that is reduced by living cells to a water-insoluble purple formazan. HeLa cells were seeded at a density of 5000 cells/well in 96 well ELISA plates and left overnight for adherence. Different sets of cells were selected and 40M of etoposide was added and their toxicity was assessed at 24h. Effect of etoposide was analysed by incubating cells. MTT (final concentration 1mg/ml) wa s added to the media incubated at 37C for 2hrs. After completion of incubation period, growth media and MTT were discarded and the purple formazan crystals formed were solubilized by adding DMSO to each well. The plates were shaken at room temperature for 15 min to aid in dissolving crystals. Absorbance of the coloured compound was taken using spectrophotometer at dual wavelength 540nm and 630nm. The relative metabolic activity was expressed as a percentage of the non-treated control. Calculation of viable cells For calculation of viable cell T25 was placed under microscope and calculated using the following formula Viable Cells/ml = Average viable cell count per square x Dilution Factor x 104 Statistical analysis Experiment was performed in triplicate and at least thrice to achieve randomised data is expressing mean standard deviation. The variation between control and test groups was calculated. Significant variation between these groups was analysed by one-way-anova (one way analysis of variance) which was followed by bon ferroni test. pp0.05. Result After 24h of incubation with etoposide the cell viability of HeLa cells were calculated to indentify the etoposide induced cell cytotoxicity. As analysed at the time of drug treatment and endpoint of three subsets of HeLa cell groups were prepared having three flasks for each subgroup having particular cell number and denoted by S1, S2 and S3. Etoposide is a compound that acts as an Topoisomerase-II inhibitor in the cellular environment and induces cellular toxicities. Result of the present study supports the earlier evidence that denotes that etoposide induces the cellular toxicities and as treatment of etoposide clearly inhibits the cell cycle and reduces the cell no in every set of cells. At the time drug treatment the cells number was calculated and in S1, S2 and S3 set the cell number was 20x104 cells /ml as calculated in haemocytometer. Figure1. Analysis of etopide induced cellular and metabolic toxicity in HeLa cell line though MTT cell viability assay. Where etoposide significantly inhibits the cell survival in S2 and S3 HeLa cells group while moderately reduces cell viability in S1 group. Where S1,S2 and S3 set having 20X104 cells/ml, with incubation of 40M Etoposide. *;where p S.No Group Percentage Cell survival Cell number after etopoide treatment 1 Control 100 1 S1+Et 48.86% 9.6X104 2 S2+Et 55.25% 8.8X104 3 S3+Et 47.25% 9.4 X104 Table1. Analysis of etopoise induced cellular toxicity and viable cell number after treatment. Etoposide significantly induces the cell viability in all the cell subset of HeLa cell line In the treatment regimen the 40 M of etoposide reduces the percentage cell survival as in S1 subset after etoposide treatment percentage cell survival was 48.86% (S1+Et), in S2 subset at etoposide treatment percentage cell survival decrease to 55.25% (S2+Et) and in S3 it was 47.25% after etoposide treatment (S3+Et) (Figure 1., Table1). Calculating the inhibition in the cell viability etoposide significantly inhibits the viable cell number as shown in Table 1 and figure 2. Figure 2. Analysis of number of viable cells after etoposide treatment. Where S1, S2 and S3 sets were incubated with etoposide that induces cellular toxicity to HeLa cell that leads to significantly inhibited cell number. Where *; p0.001. The number of viable section the S1 group was found to be 9.6X104 cells/ml which was significantly less that control (P0.001). in set S2 and S3 the cell no was 8.8X104 cells /ml and 9.2X104cells/ml respectively (P0.001)indication the cytotoxic effect of etoposide. Discussion Cell viability assay is used identify the compounds and other moilcules or drug for their cellular toxicities that could easily lead to the cell death by inhibiting the cell differentiation ad proliferation. Basic concept of the cell based assay is used to analyse the binding of receptor and management and monitoring of cell organelles. In this assay the the cells which are viable and have healthy metabolism have an ability to convert MTT to blue formazan having absorbance near 570nm (Berridge et al., 1996). Only live cell have the ability for conversion of MTT to formazan which involves NADH having role to provide electrons to MTT (He et al., 2015). The formazan is insoluble crystal that is deposited at the surface of cells and it is very essential to dissolve these crystals to avoid hindrance during observation. So DMSO is used to stabilise the crystal. Etoposide is chemotoxic agent and it is achemotherapeutic drug that belongs to topoisomerase-II inhibitor class and it is known to induced cellular and metabolic toxicity, it is also known to induce apoptosis that leads to cell death. The metabolic viability of cells is a prime indicator of its health, well-being, surviving potential and clonogenicity (Huyck et al., 2012). Viability was assessed using colorimetric assay using MTT against etoposide treatment alone. However, at etoposide treatment cells began to steadily lose their metabolic viability which could be attributed to the cumulative toxic nature. HeLa cells were treated with etoposide and cell viability was measured and there was significant loss in viability at all the tested groups (P0.001). This postulates a hypothesis that presumably pretreatment with etoposide inhibits the cell activity and decreases their metabolic activity substantially. Usually cells are known to have intrinsic superoxide ions as a mechanism for respiratory burst and to kill pathogens. Despite of this fact, increased presence of ROS within the cells due to etoposide treatment could prove lethal. Upon stimulation with etoposide it could be assume that there will be significant inc rease in intracellular ROS levels that may be fatal. It could be concluded that etoposide could be toxic and can cause an upsurge in ROS levels that execute in apotosis and loss of cellular viability. There is several evidences that denotes that treatment with etoposide may lead to loss of mitochondrial potential as well as loss of mitochondrial mass to the cellular moieties (Hande, 1998). Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in the survival and growth at cellular level and even slight permeability transition provides a preliminary signal for apoptosis initiation. Changes in MMP are critically decisive towards cell life-death transition and the maintenance of MMP homeostasis is measured by a change in the membrane potential (Huang, 2002). Hence, analysis of modulations pertaining to effect of etoposide and its manifestations in the cellular metabolism and cell differentiation can be easily correlated. Loss of Mitochondrial membrane potential may lead to loss of mitochondrial mass and may leads to signalling cascade that induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Proceeding with etoposide incubation and loss in cell viability indicates that cells failed to continue to progress ahead from G1 phase further in the cell cycle.Cells usually remain in S phase for the period sufficiently required for the cells to synthesize and replicate DNA for proceeding towards mitosis. Therefore, it can be deciphered that more damaged cells will remain in S phase for a longer duration in order to detect DNA abnormalities and for rectification of the irregularities in order to have an uninterrupted replication (Abraham, 2001). In the case of cellular toxicity their is blockage in S phase in a all the groups. It has been validated that regulation of G2/M checkpoint is imperative as it ensures that cells initiate mitosis only after restoring impaired DNA after replication (Wang et al., 2000). Cells having a defective G2/M checkpoint enter into mitosis prior to DNA repair, hence leading to cell death by undergoing apoptosis and efforts to enhance this effect may increase the cytotoxicity induced by etoposide (DiPaola, 2002). p53 is known to regulate G2/M transition either through induction of p21 and 14-3-3 (Stratifin), a protein proficient in sequestering cyclin B1-Cdc2 complexes in the cytoplasm or via activation of transcription of apoptosis-linked genes. Stratifin, p21 and Gadd45 are amongst the major transcriptional objectives of p53 which inhibit Cdc2 crucial for entry into mitosis (Luk et al., 2005).all these prosurvival factor have been inhibited by etoposide so it could be easily correlated regarding cell death by induction of apoptosis and DNA defect. Present study indicates that pre-treatment with etopoide to HeLa cells results in a steady decrease in cell number thus it could be assume that this might be because of cell cycle arrest and providing no time prerequisite for D NA repair resulting in further cell cycle termination. Conclusion We conclude from our studies that etoposide can lead to loss of cellular metabolic viability in challenged HeLa cells. It also escalates the generation of intracellular ROS levels and it could be assume that it might crefurbishes fluctuations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Role in etoposide in abrogating deleterious manifestations of damages by means of causing cell cycle arrest. Additionally, following elucidation of precise mechanism of action, it has prospective applicability in developing a targeted approach aimed at alleviating bystander effect during chemotherapy is yet to done in future. References: Bottomley, R. H., Trainer, A. L., Griffin, M. J. (1969) Enzymatic and chromosomal characterization of HeLa variants. Journal of Cell Biololgy. Vol 41 no, 3, pp 806815. Sypniewski, D., Bednarek, I., Gaka, S., Loch, T., Baszczyk, D., Sotysik, D. (2013) Cytotoxicity of etoposide in cancer cell lines in vitro after BCL-2 and C-RAF gene silencing with antisense oligonucleotides. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. Vol.70, no.1, pp.87-97. Ibuki, Y., and Goto, R. (2004). Ionizing radiation-induced macrophage activiation: Augmentation of nitric oxide production and its significance. Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 50, Online: OL617-OL626. Kausch, I., Jiang, H., Thode, B., Doehn, C., Kruger, S., Jocham, D. (2005). Inhibition of bcl-2 enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. European Urology. Vol.47, no.5, pp.703-709. He, Z., Yuan, J., Qi, P., Zhang, L., Wang, Z. (2015). Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Molecular Medicine Report.. doi: 10.3892 Hande, K., R. (1998). Etoposide: four decades of development of a topoisomerase II inhibitor. European Journal of Cancer, Vol. 34, no.10, pp.15141521. Huang, S. (2002) Development of a High Throughput Screening Assay for Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Living Cells. Journal of Biomolecular Screening. Vol. 7, no.4, pp 383-389. Abraham, R,.T,. (2001) Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes and Development. Vol. 15, no.17, pp 2177-2196. Wang, X., McGowan, C., H., Zhao, M., He, L., Downey, J., S., Fearns, C., Wang, Y., Huang, S., Han, J. (2000) Involvement of the MKK6-p38g Cascade in -Radiation-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecular and Cellular Biology. Vol. 20, no.13 pp. 4543-4552. Berridge, M.,V., Tan, A.,S., McCoy, K., D., Wang, R. (1996). The biochemical and cellular basis of cell proliferation assays that use tetrazolium salts. Biochemica. Vol.4, : 14 19 Huyck, L., Ampe, C., Van Troys, M. (2012). The XTT Cell Proliferation Assay Applied to Cell Layers Embedded in Three-Dimensional Matrix. Assay and Drug Development Technologies Vol.10, no.4, pp.382-392. DiPaola, R.,S. (2002). To arrest or not to G2-M cell cycle arrest. Clinical and Cancer Research. Vol.8, pp.33113314. Luk, S.,C.,W., Siu, S.,W., F.,, Lai, C., K., Wu, Y., J., Pang, S., F. (2005) Cell Cycle Arrest by a Natural Product via G2/M Checkpoint. International journal of Medical Science. Vol.2, no.2, pp 64-69. Brazina, J., Svadlenka, J., Macurek, L., Andera, L., Hodny, Z., Bartek, J., Hanzlikova, H. (2015) DNA damage-induced regulatory interplay between DAXX, p53, ATM kinase and Wip1 phosphatase. Cell Cycle. Vol. 4, no.3, pp.375-387

Exam Essay Sample - Understanding How To Succeed With A Standardized Testing Essay

Exam Essay Sample - Understanding How To Succeed With A Standardized Testing EssayTaking standardized testing has become a standard part of the admissions process. Because of standardized testing, many students, especially those in the lower performing programs, have more ways to fail and will be more motivated to learn. The right standardized test essay sample can help a student to write a paper that will land them a coveted high school or college slot.The first step to writing a test essay is deciding what the student wants to say. Their plan of attack should always begin with a clear idea of what they want to accomplish. They must know what they expect to get out of their essay before they can begin writing it. A standardized testing essay sample should reflect their objectives and be written with the help of a proven method to do so.When writing an exam, the only way to succeed is to be confident and patient. The student must be able to focus on what they are doing as well as put themselves in the best possible position to succeed. An essay should be well structured so the student can focus on the important points. They should not leave anything out, as this will make the student's task much harder than it needs to be.The essays should be written in one sitting, no exceptions. The student must be able to sit down and properly think about what they are going to say. There is no way to write them that way, this is how they are supposed to be written. Students are used to writing essays on their own as opposed to sitting down and writing the exam with a teacher or guidance counselor.If a student is unsure of the format of their essay, the testing organization should be consulted. It is the responsibility of the testing organization to provide a standardized testing essay sample for students to use. All essays should be completed in one sitting, no exceptions. No extra time should be given to rewrite or rework an essay that was not properly written and complete ly organized.There are several factors the testing organization should take into consideration when developing a standardized testing sample. The sample should clearly demonstrate what should be done and why it should be done. Each section of the exam must be explained with at least as much detail as the exam requires.The sample should show that the student is capable of answering the student's questions accurately. The essay should display logical thinking. Any student who cannot answer a question correctly is not a student that has achieved the academic level of the organization's questions.Comparing writing samples is a difficult task because students have differing styles. Many people use the opinion of a writer that is successful at the type of writing sample that they are considering for their student. Sometimes this is not a good choice. Students need to be able to judge what their potential teachers are looking for in an essay based on the actual question asked by the organi zation.