Does Technology Affect Our Environment - 981 Words

Today we begin to think if technology is even here to help anymore or if it’s here to manipulate the minds and the moral intensions of today’s people. Genetically engineered (GE) plants, animals, and humans have become too personal because we eat genetically modified foods everyday and although scientists may think they’re curing us, they don’t think of possible effects that may harm us. When society and our environment starts to get affected by it, we wonder if this specific technology should be available to any and everyone. The plants that are mostly modified are soybeans, maize, rapeseeds, and cotton along with others lesser of an impact. Almost 40 million tons of soy material are shipped here to the United States each year and is mainly used for feeding animals and producing food additives. Maize is grown in Europe and is also used for animal feed and raw material for starch. Rapeseeds are widespread in Canada and are used for renewable resources and producing oil in margarine. Cotton is grown mostly in India, China, and the United States and is used for the following: clothing, food, animal feed, and may allow for reductions in pesticide use. Genetically modified (GM) foods can produce higher crop yields that can help feed the needy, reduce manual labor, and improve food quality and healthiness. However, GM foods may trigger allergies and can harm the ecosystem from its toxicity that can lead to extinction of some organisms. In addition, politically, there’s a disputeShow MoreRelatedImplicatio ns For The Future Paper1627 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative example how technology advances have impacted our environment, and talk about the influence of the environmental policies. Two Strategies for Promoting Positive Environmental Behavior One strategy that would help to promote a positive environmental behavior would be Positive Cueing. Cues are elements in the environment that convey important information or trigger an affective reaction. Steg, Van Den Berg, DeGroot, (2013) stated, â€Å"By using positive cues from the environment such as bicyclingRead MoreInvention Is the Mother of Necessities1649 Words   |  7 PagesWe Ask Ourselves Marshall McLuhan s saying, Invention is the mother of necessities, is an example of wit. How is it witty? What is the original saying? You need wit to think about technology, for wit demands creative thinking. And once you start thinking creatively, you start to see the effect of technology on us all. The usual saying is, Necessity is the mother of invention. That makes sense: right now, for example, the world may be running out of oil, and as a result, the necessity ofRead MoreTechnology Is Making Our Lives Easier928 Words   |  4 PagesThere is no doubt that technology is making our lives easier. We live in a society where technology is used on a daily basis. If you don’t use technology you’re making life hard for yourself. There are many advantages and as many disadvantages in using technology. Technology has completely changed the mankind. We have information on our fingertips at all times. It’s fast, convenient and very useful in today’s society. People nowadays look for answers using technology instead of doing research themselvesRead MoreOur Helpless Dependance on Technology1674 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology started out as a necessity, people needed it back when they werent guaranteed safety, heat, shelter etc. Technology similarly started off by accidental discoveries that slowly morphed into technology today. Technology in the past is much more different than what it is today. Take the example of fire. Fi re started by accident but furthermore led to expansion into creating bigger fires. To be exact this happened because there was a need to keep warm and have a source of light. The discoveryRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation And Its Effects On Our Environment1432 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact on our environment and our world as a whole. Not only has our societal presence caused negative global impact, but our expedited population growth has also had an extreme physical impact on earth. An example of the effects of our extensiveness is, â€Å"†¦86% of the world s resources are consumed by only the wealthiest one fifth of humanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (globalissues.org). this means that 4/5ths of the planet already has limited access to resources that are naturally found on earth. In addition to our excessiveRead MoreFeeding the Growing World Population1411 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation while also protecting the environment. Although both believe alternative food systems could be the change of our future, each approach these subjects differently. Schonwald is not afraid to keep an open mind with the use of technology, while Nestle focuses on important choices one needs to make for the environment. Both of these come down to four factors that determine if alternative food systems should be accepted. These factors include: food, environment, globalization and gender. TheRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Business Communication872 Words   |  4 Pageson around us. An interesting topic that many people are curious and terrified about is the adaptation of work skills in the future. With technology advancements, human evolution, social technologies, and global interconnectivity evolving at a rapid pace, we must learn from these advancements, adapt them to our daily lives, and embed the core competencies into our workforce and communication. The future offers us new tools to use, but first we must understand them before we can use them. We will exploreRead MoreA nalysis Of Slavoj Zizek : Ecology, Garbage And The Environment847 Words   |  4 PagesZizek: Ecology Trash and the Environment There have been many debates on how the earth does not have the compacity to support the population growth and this has affected the ecosystem. Some of the issues that have developed from over population are the amount of trash that is generated and its affect on the environment; the natural resources are being depleted; and how the natural balance of nature has been interrupted, resulting in global warming, also how technology has impacted the world aroundRead More Relationship between Cultural Change and the Environment Essay examples967 Words   |  4 PagesRelationship between Cultural Change and the Environment The association between culture and human technologies is central to the issue of today’s worldwide environmental degradation. This relationship is often viewed as quite simple: as a culture develops, needs arise and are met by new technologies. The culture is then transformed by the effects the technologies have on the people’s way of life. It seems logical that new technology would only be developed as a result of incentive or passionRead MoreIs Technology More Hurtful than Beneficial?870 Words   |  3 PagesIs technology more hurtful than beneficial? Introduction: Within the last century, electronics grew faster than ever anticipated. With computers, cell phones and computers in cell phones, many consumers cannot even use the high-tech electronics sold to them. Whether through new invention or simply by means of innovation, countries are advancing in technology everyday. As technologies advance, a natural side effect of the gains they produce can be seen in the degradation of the local surrounding

Essay about Themes in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby

Themes in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The American Dream On first glance, The Great Gatsby is about a romance between Gatsby and Daisy. The true theme behind this wonderful novel is not merely romance, but is also a very skeptical view of the extinction of the American dream in the prosperous 19s. This loss of the American dream is shown by Fitzgeralds display of this decade as a morally deficient one. He shows its incredible decadence in Gatsbys lavish and ostentatious parties. This materialistic attitude toward life came from the disillusionment of the younger generation of the old Victorian values. Also, with Prohibition in effect, illegal bootlegging practices made for yet another way for Americans to fall down the path of†¦show more content†¦This is just the same as the American dream- money and decadence ruin it. ‘I wouldnt ask too much of her, I ventured. ‘ You cant repeat the past. ‘Cant repeat the past? He cried incredulously. ‘Why of course you can!Â…he talked a lot about the past and I gathered that he wanted to recover something, some idea of himself perhaps, that had gone into loving Daisy. The Social Class Clash Another theme in The Great Gatsby is one that is very evident throughout the novel. It is the conflict between the new wealthy class of self-made men and the old rich. This is most noticeable in the physical separation between them. The new rich live in West Egg and the old rich live in East Egg. The new rich people are not yet acclimated to being upstanding citizens so they are not well connected in the social world, not to mention their incredibly ostentatious nature. In Gatsbys situation, he lives in a huge, repulsively tacky gothic mansion and he throws wild, lavish parties that could be better classified as raves. Daisy and Tom, who represent the old rich, are very refined, tasteful, and very well-mannered. However, the old rich also have come to rely on their money as a defense against trouble (either that they have caused or become victim of). This is exhibited very well when Daisy and Tom simply move away instead of going to Gatsbys funeral. Gatsby, on the other hand , is extremely loyal to his friendsShow MoreRelated Themes in Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, there are several themes. Some include The death of the American Dream, hope, and uselessness of women. These all are the three most important themes and expressed a lot throughout the story. Even though this whole story might seem like a romantic tale, one of the important theme’s is actually the deathRead MoreThemes of Love and Money in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay687 Words   |  3 PagesA man named Nick moves into old money right next door to Jay Gatsby. Throughout The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald discusses the American culture and themes that relates to Americans, such as the desire for material possessions, desire for love and The contrast between old money/ne w money. Fitzgerald discusses the desire for material possessions in The Great Gatsby by explaining the fact that Americans judge people by the possessions and the money they have. For example people pictured Tom as a godRead MoreEssay about Great Gatsby862 Words   |  4 Pages F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby / Gatsbys Desire for Daisy exploring why Gatsby had such an obsessive desire for Daisy. The writer purports that Gatsby began by pursuing an ideal, not the real woman. In fact, he could not recognize the type of person she had become since they last saw each other. Gatsby lives in a dream world and Daisy is part of that dream. As the novel progresses, however, Gatsbys feelings change. Bibliography lists Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby : The RoleRead MoreA Review of F Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby851 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald created a modern masterpiece in his work The Great Gatsby, despite the novels earl ill reception. The work is a complex piece which tries to make sense of a strange concept of modernity within a classical sense of history. In the work, Fitzgerald illustrates the importance of allusion in the creation of character building, but also as a way for Fitzgerald to stray away from previous literary techniques and create motifs and themes that were entirely his ownRead MoreThe Sensible Thing, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1643 Words   |  7 Pageshis other writings. Like many writers, his work was heavily influenced by his life. Published criticisms note similarities between attitudes of the Roaring Twenties. In order to interpret The Sensible Thing, it is necessary to examine F. Scott Fitzgeralds life and work. The materialistic, free-thinking ideas characterizing greatly influenced the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Furthermore, his relationship with Zelda Sayer, like a roller coaster, went through many ups and downs, and this continuedRead MoreThemes Of The Twenties In The Great Gatsby1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe great Gatsby was regarded as a brilliant source of social commentary of the roaring twenties- a time period of wealth, excitement, and economic boom. Much like the characters and the settings of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the twenties are a time when people thought they had the American dream. Fitzgerald provides a superb source of commentary on society and the economic standpoint of America in the twenties, and for this reason, the reader can infer much about the book, from the period, andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By Baz Luhrmann1290 Words   |  6 PagesLuhrmann’s 2013 highly anticipated rendition of the poignant love story The Great Gatsby, is awarded fo r his sumptuous sets, glamorous costumes and of course his venerable casting. However, does the intricate Baz Lurhman successfully convey the complex themes in Fitzgerald’s classic? Rachel Spackman scrutinizes and compares the latest films’ rendition of the novel. Baz Luhrmann’s extravagant production of the classic ‘The Great Gatsby’ is filled with lavish visual displays, gaudy costuming and esteemedRead More F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Last Tycoon Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Last Tycoon F. Scott Fitzgerald’s unfinished final novel The Last Tycoon was begun in 1939 in Encino, California. He worked on the novel during his tenure in Hollywood and up until the day he suffered a fatal heart attack on Dec. 21, 1940. The novel was published in 1941, and included Fitzgerald’s notes concerning the unfinished text. Also, the initial volume was published with The Great Gatsby and a collection of short stories that included â€Å"The DiamondRead More Comparison of A Farewell to Arms and The Great Gatsby Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of A Farewell to Arms and The Great Gatsby The author’s style from Ernest Hemigway’s A Farewell to Arms differ from F.Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby in many ways. Fitzgerald uses a more reflective style of writing meaning that he makes his characters reflect and the theme also includes reflection from the reader as well as the plot. On the other hand, Hemingway uses a more self-interest style with its theme, characters, and plot, meaning that he makes this book on hisRead MoreHumanities Through the Arts: Artistic Criticism Essay examples1063 Words   |  5 Pagestime of exuberance like none other, where people and America’s society focused on self-indulgence and happiness like never before. The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the ideal portrayal of this time era. In a time shortly after war, this novel captures the audience, forcing them to participate in the setting and with the characters. Jay Gatsby, the focal point of this novel, is used as a representation o f this era in American history and as an example of the pursuit of the American

How to obtain financial data and assess its validity Essay Example For Students

How to obtain financial data and assess its validity Essay Apple is an advanced consumer electronics market leader. It has different scope of digital merchandises from such as the iPod, digital music distribution through its iTunes Music Store, besides Macbook, Personal computer s and Apple TV s. In the coevalss of smart phone market, Apple iPhone s 4 coevalss is the best and high market portion keeping merchandise at just monetary value and first-class quality client service. Apple is committed to presenting the best personal calculating experience to its pupils, professors, originative professionals and consumers around the universe through its high tech advanced hardware, package and Internet offerings everyplace to every client in every possible manner. Financial informations are the set of paperss prepared by the concern administration at the terminal of the accounting period which includes the sum-up of the accounting informations for that period and information. These informations should be accurate and should be based on facts. There are two different beginnings of roll uping fiscal informations. They are: Outline1 Internal beginnings External resources:2 Auditing Practices Board ( APB )3 Restrictions:4 1.2 Applying different types of analytical tools and techniques to a scope fiscal paperss and formulate decisions about public presentation degrees and demands of stakeholders.5 A. Profitableness ratios6 B. Liquidity Ratios:7 C. Efficiency Ratios:8 D. Investment Ratios:9 Formula10 Year 1/200911 YEAR2/200812 Premise13 Profitability ratios14 1. ROCE:15 PBIT/Capital Employed*10016 2. Net net income ratio:17 Net Profit/ Revenue*10018 3. Gross net income ratio: Gross Profit / Revenue*10019 4. Asset turnover: Sales/Capital employed20 B. Liquidity Ratios:21 1. Current ratio: Current assets/Current liabilities22 2.Quick/ acerb trial ratio: ( Current asset-Closing stock ) /Current liabilities23 C. Efficiency Ratios:24 1.Debtors aggregation period: Trade receivables/sales*36525 2. Creditors aggregation period:26 Trade payables/purchases*36527 3. Inventory turnover period:28 Inventory/cost of sale s*36529 D. Investment Ratios:30 1. EPs: Net income after revenue enhancement and penchant dividend/Number of ordinary portions31 7658/ ( 53851-19282 )32 =22.15 %33 5704/36537*10034 =15.61 %35 13140/36537*10036 =35.96 %37 36537/3456938 =1.06 times39 36265/1928240 =1.88:141 ( 36265-455 ) /1928242 =1.86:143 3361/36537*36544 =33.58 yearss45 5601/23397*36546 =87.38 yearss47 455/23397*36548 =7.10 yearss49 =6.3950 6275/ ( 39572-14902 )51 =25.44 %52 4834/32479*10053 =14.88 %54 11145/32479*10055 =34.31 %56 32479/2467057 =1.32 times58 32311/1490259 =2.29:160 ( 32311-509 ) /1490261 =2.26:162 2422/32479*36563 =27.22 yearss64 5520/21334*36565 =94.44 yearss66 509/21334*36567 =8.71 yearss68 =5.4869 Ratio analysis of the Apple Inc.70 1.4 Reviewing and oppugning fiscal informations:71 A72 Mention the cheques. Physical checkaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦73 2.1 Identifying how a budget can be produced taking into history fiscal restraints and accomplishment of m arks, legal demands and accounting conventions:74 Preparation Process of budget:75 2.2 Analyzing the budget outcomes against organisational aims and placing options:76 3.1 Identifying standards by which proposals are judged:77 3.2 Analyzing the viability of a proposal for outgo:78 Break even analysis79 BEP = TFC ( SPU-VCPU )80 Payback period method81 Net present value method82 LO 3.3 Identifying the strengths and failings and giving feedback on the proposal83 3.4 Measuring the impact of the proposal on the strategic aims of the administration: Internal beginnings External resources: The administration s accounting system Company House Other directors Companies website Suppliers Databases of fiscal information Customers Libraries Employees Research paperss Internal informations are hard to acquire from the Apple Inc. for the security issues. Whereas the client grosss, informations protection, supplier bill are some of the internal information which are issued by the Apple Inc. Whatever information is exposed or published are the external information. Public Limited Companies publishes their fiscal statements in order to acquire more investing from the stockholders. The fiscal informations must be valid, true and based on the facts. Undependable informations can do the study loose its significance. In order to guarantee that the fiscal information is validated, Apple should utilize procedure function to place where possible mistakes or jobs may happen in the system. The illustration of this is, if two senior directors ( CEO A ; CFO ) signatures are required to continue with a payment, so this may do holds and hence, give a incorrect figure of the sum of liquid money available. Some of the possible factors that influence the dependability of fiscal informations are: Fiscal system redesign was suggested by Sekaly. He mentioned that to guarantee dependability of fiscal informations accent is on controls and cardinal dealing processing: and the better to accomplish this terminal is by inverting the trigon ( i.e. deputing undertaking to many caputs so that the happenings of frauds will be minimized ) . This will ensue in decrease degree Fahrenheit informations entry mistakes and gives more clip for the comptrollers to concentrate on determination and hazard direction. Internal auditing is a autonomous, nonsubjective confidence and consulting activity designed to add value and better the operations of the organisation. It helps an organisation to accomplish its aims by conveying a systematic, disciplined attack to measure and better the effectivity of hazard direction, control, and administration procedures. Most of the organisation has authorization matrix. It may be formal and informal depending upon the sort of determination to be made and by whom. The function of the internal hearer is to help the external hearers and allow them travel through the fiscal statements during the fiscal audit. External hearer is appointed by the stockholders in order to verify that the fiscal statement is true and just. Stockholders have invested in the company and they are concerned if the fund they spent in the company is being used in the right manner. External hearer can hold entree to all sorts of studies of the company and are responsible to do certain that the direction is making their occupation in the right manner. The published studies and informations are really indispensable for the external hearers to carry on an independent audit. At the same clip it merely ensures that merely certain regulations and criterions are adhered to it. The word cogency refers in here, who audit the hearer there are many institute which monitor the auditing system some of them are General Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ) , Institute for Public Sector Accounting Standards ( IPSAS ) international Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) . These lead the development of scrutinizing. Auditing Practices Board ( APB ) It is portion of the Financial Reporting Council pattern in UK, in order to: Establish high criterions of scrutinizing Meet the developing demand of users of fiscal information Ensure public assurance in the auditing procedure IFAC s board set the undermentioned criterions: International criterions on auditing, confidence battles and related services. International criterions on quality control. International codification of moralss. International instruction criterions. International populace sector criterions. Fig.1: The fiscal coverage Restrictions: Internal hearers are the employees of the company. If something untrusty is traveling on in the company so the internal hearer has to take a determination. He either reports the misconduct or he tries to cover his back go forthing the moralss far behind. He is restricted and commanded what to make and what non to make by the direction squad. External hearer does non guarantee that the information produced by the company is in a comparable format to others or look into whether or non the regulations have been followed in one of the many differing and acceptable ways. Their determination is based on random samples and they are non look intoing everything. Due to that absolute confidence is non given but instead a sensible confidence is given. ( Robert R. Moeller, Brink s Modern Internal Auditing: A Common Body of Knowledge, 2009 ) 1.2 Applying different types of analytical tools and techniques to a scope fiscal paperss and formulate decisions about public presentation degrees and demands of stakeholders. A. Profitableness ratios 1. Return on capital employed ( ROCE ) : It is a primary ratio bespeaking how good a concern has generated net income from its long-run funding. Increase in ROCE is considered to be an betterment of concern public presentation as it gives the betterment in margins/profits or more efficient usage of assets. 2. Net net income ratio: The net net income indicates how good the concern has managed to command its indirect costs. Reasons: Changes in sum disbursals or income /profit 3. Gross net income ratio: The gross net income border looks at the public presentation of the concern at the direct trading degree ( gross revenues and COS ) Reasons: Changes in selling monetary value, gross revenues volume or cost of gross revenues. Gross Profit / Revenue*100 % 4. Asset turnover: It shows how expeditiously direction has utilized assets to bring forth gross. The ground for this is Increase in gross revenues gross or increase in current liabilities. B. Liquidity Ratios: 1. Current ratio: It considers how good a concern can cover the current liabilities with its current assets. It is by and large accepted that the ideal ratio is 1:2. Reasons: Changes in constituents of current assets and current liabilities. 2. Quick/ acerb trial ratio: The speedy ratio excludes stock list as it takes longer to turn into hard currency and hence, topographic points accent on the concern s quick assets and whether or non these are sufficient to cover the liabilities. The ideal ratio is considered to be 1:1. Reasons: Changes in current assets and current liabilities constituents. C. Efficiency Ratios: 1. Debtors collection period: It is preferred to hold a short recognition period for receivables as this will help a concern s hard currency flow. Reasons: If the period is shorter than anterior period it may bespeak better recognition control or possible colony price reductions being offered to roll up hard currency more rapidly. 2. Creditors aggregation period: An addition in payables yearss could bespeak that a concern is holding hard currency flow troubles and hence detaining payments utilizing providers as a free beginning of finance. Reasons: Changes in recognition term granted or early colony price reductions. 3. Inventory turnover period: It is the lower the figure of yearss that stock list is held the better as keeping stock list for long periods of clip constrains hard currency flow and increases hazard associated with keeping stock list. D. Investment Ratios: 1. Net incomes per portion: It represents the net income available for distribution as dividends to ordinary stockholders. A high EPS helps to pull investing and construct up assurance of portion holders. The market value of portion may increase. Formula Year 1/2009 YEAR2/2008 Premise Profitability ratios 1. ROCE: PBIT/Capital Employed*100 2. Net net income ratio: Net Profit/ Revenue*100 3. Gross net income ratio: Gross Profit / Revenue*100 4. Asset turnover: Sales/Capital employed B. Liquidity Ratios: 1. Current ratio: Current assets/Current liabilities 2.Quick/ acerb trial ratio: ( Current asset-Closing stock ) /Current liabilities C. Efficiency Ratios: 1.Debtors aggregation period: Trade receivables/sales*365 2. Creditors aggregation period: Trade payables/purchases*365 3. Inventory turnover period: Inventory/cost of sales*365 D. Investment Ratios: 1. EPs: Net income after revenue enhancement and penchant dividend/Number of ordinary portions 7658/ ( 53851-19282 ) =22.15 % 5704/36537*100 =15.61 % 13140/36537*100 =35.96 % 36537/34569 =1.06 times 36265/19282 =1.88:1 ( 36265-455 ) /19282 =1.86:1 3361/36537*365 =33.58 yearss 5601/23397*365 =87.38 yearss 455/23397*365 =7.10 yearss =6.39 6275/ ( 39572-14902 ) =25.44 % 4834/32479*100 =14.88 % 11145/32479*100 =34.31 % 32479/24670 =1.32 times 32311/14902 =2.29:1 ( 32311-509 ) /14902 =2.26:1 2422/32479*365 =27.22 yearss 5520/21334*365 =94.44 yearss 509/21334*365 =8.71 yearss =5.48 PBIT=Operating income-statement of operations. Capital employed: Entire asset- current liabilities- B/S Social Recognition of the Human Individual EssayThe aim of budgeting is to supply a footing against which existent public presentation can be measured and effectual action should take topographic point after the consequence is reviewed. By placing the advancement from the former place, Apple is informed about the effects of the actions taken and will hold clear apprehension of the consequence of that in the future action. The budget procedure is worthwhile merely if the budget is realistic. When we talk about the budget planning and control comes itself. Apple being the well managed administration, it makes the comparing of existent public presentation and the budgeted marks and uses it as the footing for make up ones minding the appropriate future actions. Budget discrepancies are caused because of: Mistakes in the Arithmetic in the Budget figures Mistakes in the Arithmetic of existent consequences World is incorrect Difference between Budget Assumptions and Actual Outcome The procedure of comparing of existent public presentation as compared to the budgeted marks is done in the undermentioned four stairss: Flexing the budget Analyzing the discrepancies Identifying the causes Taking appropriate action 3.1 Identifying standards by which proposals are judged: Apple being a immense market leader fundamentally focuses on the two most of import facets of their concern: finance and cost. The beginning, growing and being of the concern depend on them. The most of import factor during the analysis of proposal is the decrease of gross revenues monetary values in order to excite a ample addition in gross revenues volume in the context of Apple. To finish this analysis the finance director needed the information about operating disbursals that is reported in internal net income study. After analysing the alterations in variable operating disbursals, it is discovered that part border ( net income before fixed operating disbursals are deducted ) would really diminish if the gross revenues monetary value decrease were implemented. Furthermore the ample addition in gross revenues volume raises the possibility that fixed operating disbursals might hold to be increased to suit such a big leap in gross revenues volume. Best of the best proposals may be presented but still non be able to hold to it because of other precedences within the administration. One technique is to categorise undertakings which is a method used by one populace sector administration. The undertakings related to statutory demands, and specific statute law involved has to be given the first precedence. Second class has or wellness and safety undertakings. No affair how good your proposal is, if there are excessively many undertakings of the above mentioned class, a good proposal may non travel in front. But this does non intend that it should non be presented for consideration at a ulterior border. Our feedback therefore should give a wider, organizational position of the proposal covering other proposals that are ongoing and which have impacted on this. Criteria excessively judge the proposals: An acceptable degree of hazard The largest benefits ( fiscal and non-financial ) The lower costs The best cost-benefit ratio. The determination to get non-current assets for the company is called the investing determination. The analysis is based on hard currency flow. Investment determination assumes that: The capital outgo takes topographic point NOW and each twelvemonth s costs and grosss arise at the End of the twelvemonth. There are two types of Decision state of affairss, i.e. Single investing and Mutually sole investings. Decision is made with the privation to be the best acceptable determination and the best investing. 3.2 Analyzing the viability of a proposal for outgo: Any concern administration needs to measure its investing proposal whether the investing is worth making? Will it cover its cost? Will it bring forth nest eggs? and Will it able to bring forth net income on the original investing? A undertaking is feasible when it generates more gross than outgo incurred in the proposal with needed rate of returns on capital employed of the undertaking. There are assorted techniques in order to analyze the investing determination and the fiscal viability of the undertaking ( maintaining strategic aims of the organisation in position. As other concern Apple needs to measure its investing determination through these techniques so this survey recommends these methods to analysis to measuring investing proposal. Three of the chief tools are discussed below: Break even analysis Break even analysis is a technique widely used by the direction comptrollers and production. It is based on fixed cost and variable cost and is compared with sale gross to find volume of sale, production cost at which the company makes neither net income nor loss. It helps in finding the optimum degree of end product, find the minimal cost for the given degree of production and happen the merchandising monetary value which would turn out most profitable to the house. It specifies the lowest sum of concern activity necessary to forestall loss. Figure: Break even analysis In the figure, fixed cost does non vary work the degree of activity and Variable cost varies straight with the degree of activity. The undermentioned expression is used to cipher the BEP. BEP = TFC ( SPU-VCPU ) Where, BEP = Break even indicate TFC = Total fixed cost SPU = Selling monetary value per unit VCPU = Variable cost per unit Most of the concerns use the BEP analysis in order to analyze the viability of the investing undertaking though it has some restrictions. Restrictions of Break-even analysis: Does non acknowledge net income or loss Does non demo how much net income can be made Net income volume ratio: cheque in the slide Payback period method This method tells the organisation how rapidly it generates hard currency flow to pay back their investing made. To utilize payback to do investing determination the company sets a determination standard i.e. Maximum acceptable payback time-period Advantages: Simple to understand Quick to cipher Focus is on velocity of return Good when investing financess are scarce Thought to choose less hazardous investing Disadvantages: ignores clocking of hard currency flow ignores the station payback hard currency flow ( hard currency flow after payback period ) Information needed to cipher Payback period are: -Capital invested -Cash flow ( hard currency flow in +out ) Restrictions of Payback period: It does non take the consideration of price reduction rate. Payback does non see capital invested, it merely checks clip It besides ignores the station payback hard currency flow ( hard currency flow after payback period ) Net present value method This is the step of economic net income. The difference between the present value of hard currency influxs and the present value of hard currency escapes is NPV. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyse the profitableness of a project/ proposal or investment.A NPVA analysis is sensitive to theA dependability of future hard currency influxs that an investing or undertaking will yield.A A It is calculated by the expression: Here, NPV calculates the present value of an allowance for a hereafter value based on periodic, changeless payments and a changeless involvement rate. The present value is the entire sum that a series of future payments is deserving now. Restrictions of NPV: Loan and unsecured bond: whenever an investor wants to put they invest in loan and unsecured bond both with different involvement and unsecured bond rates. All the money is combined. Then, that combined fund will hold trouble in ciphering the existent value as their involvement rates are different. Discount rate is being calculated in the right manner or non. ( Howard Cooke, A Corporate Occupiers Handbook, 2007 ) LO 3.3 Identifying the strengths and failings and giving feedback on the proposal Directors can put a batch of attempt in seting frontward a well-thought-thorough fiscal proposal. So it seems just that those directors measuring the fiscal proposal give quality feedback on the grounds for its success or otherwise. Feedback should be given on successful and unsuccessful proposals in order that everyone can larn from both. Feedback is necessary on the execution in relation to the program. On the footing of above analytical tools some proposals can be selected and some are discarded but both have to be sensible ground shown, it called provender back. Constructive feedback is given on the footing of strength and failing of the proposal. Manager besides needs to give where the failing is and if it revised so can it get the better of or non. To give constructive feedback it should hold strength and failing. Company may convey proposal in visible radiation on the footing of proposal analysis tools i.e. Interrupt even analysis negotiations about neither net income nor loss state of affairs, Net nowadays value method negotiations about investing return in less cost. Here I m traveling to discourse brief about the Payback method which may effectual tools to take the proposal for Apple Inc. The payback period is the clip it will take for the original investing to pay for itself through its hard currency influx. This is sure method as it focus basically on action mentioning how rapidly the incremental benefits that accumulate to Apple Inc. from investing undertaking pay back the initial investing. To utilize payback period to do investing determination Apple Inc. may put a determination standard upper limit acceptable payback time-period. If the investing undertakings are reciprocally excusive Apple Inc. may prefer the undertaking which has lower period to retrieve its original investing. Although, pay back period method has some failings i.e. it merely tells about the clip taken in retrieving the hard currency invested. It does non see clip value of money and does non measure the hard currency flow after wage back period. 3.4 Measuring the impact of the proposal on the strategic aims of the administration: Q.6.3 What are strategic aims? How a fiscal proposal can impact the strategic aims of the administration? Strategic aims of company A undertaking is feasible when it produces more gross than the disbursals incurred on the undertaking including needed rate of return on capital employed on the undertaking. Book Mentions: Robert R. Moeller. ( 2009 ) . . In: Brink s Modern Internal Auditing: A Common Body of Knowledge. 7th erectile dysfunction. Canada: John Wiley A ; boies. 276-279. Frank wood A ; Alan Sangster ( 2008 ) . Business Accounting 2. Prentice Printing Hallway: Financial Times. . Henry B. Fernald. ( July, 1943 ) . Internal auditing. The Accounting Review. 18 ( Vol. 18 ) , . 228-234. John A. Tracy ( 2002 ) . The fast forward MBA in finance. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Canada: John Wiley A ; boies. 36. Howard Cooke, Simon Woodhead ( 2007 ) .A Corporate Occupiers Handbook. United kingdom: . . On-line Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.orderannualreports.com/getpdf.asp? session_ID=E9F84F486F97404B A ; virtual=V0010232746 ( last assessed 10/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings.asp? ticker=AAPL: US ( last assessed on 14/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //ycharts.com/companies/AAPL/eps ( last assessed on 14/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //tech.fortune.cnn.com/2008/04/01/analyst-apples-us-consumer-market-share-now-21-percent/ ( last assessed 14/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/terms/n/npv.asp ( last assessed on 03/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/list_6556119_external-audit-requirements.html ( last assessed on 15/01/2011 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //pdfcast.org/pdf/the-role-of-financial-accounting-information-in-strengthening-corporate-control-mechanisms-to-alleviate-corporate-corruption ( Last assessed on 17/01/11 )

International Business and Globalisation

Question: Discuss about the International Business and Globalisation. Answer: Introduction In the age of globalisation most of the companies in the world are emphasising on expanding their business to the international market to reap the benefit of the global market. Only operating the business in the domestic market will not give the company competitive edge in the market. Operating in the international market gives scope to the company to expand their market getting access to the new market in order to introduce their products. International business helps an organisation to take the help of cheap labour capital to produce their products at cheaper rate. This increases the profitability of the company. Expanding the company in the international market helps the company in incorporating different values ideas of the country in the organisational culture (Peng et al., 2008). International business is also helpful in earning reputation in the international market increasing the brand image. Most of the large business organisations are trying to reap the advantage of the globalisation. Globalisation has made the business process in the international market smooth easy. Different restrictions imposed earlier on different organisations to do business in other countries have been diluted after the globalisation. If the organisation is restricted only to the domestic country, it reduces the scope to sustain in the market in the competitive market. Those organisations which are operating across the globe are able to gain various experiences from the work culture or organisational culture of other organisations. In the age of globalisation most of the large business organisations are competing with other business organisations across the world (Ball et al., 2012). On the other hand to operate the business in other countries it is imperative for the organisation to follow the rules, regulations government policies in that country. Background of the Company In case of Australia there are large numbers of retail organisations which are operating in the international market. These organisations are operating successfully in different overseas market. One of the retail giant in the Australian market is the Woolworths Limited. It operates its business in the Australia New Zealand markets. In terms of the retail ranking in the Australian market, Woolworths Limited is second largest retail organisation. The world ranking of the organisation is 19th. Though this company has huge market share in the domestic country, it has shown interest in expanding the market in international market in particular in emerging nations. Among few emerging nations India is one of the rapidly growing emerging markets in the world. The Woolworths Limited has taken the decision to expand the business in the Indian market. The main objective of the Woolworths Limited is to take advantage of the emerging economy. Since the Indian economy has large market area, it will give huge opportunity to Woolworths Limited to expand the market base. Beside this the setting unit in the Indian market, the organisation would be in a position to take the advantage of cheap labour capital (Daniels et al., 2009). This will help the organisation to increase its profit structure. Brief introduction to chosen country India is one of the emerging markets in the world. The Indian economy is growing at a rapid pace due to the increase in the per capita income of people of the country. Due to the increase in the income level people their purchasing power has increased significantly. The economic condition of the country is comfortable now in comparison to the other emerging nations. One of the biggest advantages of the Indian market is the demographic factor. The Indian labour market is young compared to other world economies. This is a positive factor for the Indian economy in the sense that the productivity level of young employees is high. This helps an economy to grow at a rapid pace. The projected growth rate of the Indian economy is 7.7% in the year 2017. This signifies that the Indian economy is fastest growing emerging economy in the world. The main reason behind the increase in the growth rate of the Indian economy is the high private consumption rate (Dunning, 2012). Hence the Indian market is very attractive market for the foreign investors. The incumbent Indian government is emphasising more on the foreign direct investment. This gives large opportunity to international companies to expand their business in the Indian market. Different domestic policies are also helpful for the Indian economy to become the fastest growing emerging market in the world. Economic Analysis The Indian economy is the most lucrative destination in terms of investment for most of the international companies. Since the Indian economy is experiencing largest growth rate, investing in the Indian market is beneficial for any business organisation to reap the benefit of the consumer as well as the labour market (Johnson et al., 2006). Since, in terms of size the Indian market is large enough there are varieties of customers in the country. Tastes preferences of people also differ significantly. Hence, there is wide scope for organisations to introduce large varieties of products in the country. As mentioned above the Indian economy is growing at the fastest rate among all emerging economies the growth rate is expected to be 7.7 % in the year 2017. There are different macro economic factors which determine the performance of the economy. These are the GDP growth rate, the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, the fiscal position etc. these factors determine the economic posi tion of any country in the world. The economic analysis of any country is very essential for different international organisations in taking decisions regarding investment. No organisation would want to invest in a market where the per capita income is very low; unemployment rate is very high or monetary policies of the respective country are unfavourable in nature. These factors demotivate any originations to invest in any country. In case of the Woolworths Limited, it has shown interest to expand the business to the Indian market. The main reason behind this decision is the economic factors of the country (Rugman Collinson, 2009 ). Since macro economic factors of any nation play an important role in attracting any international company to invest in the nation, hence proper analysis of the economic factors is necessary. The unemployment rate of the economy is 4.7%. In terms of population this is a high percentage. The Woolworths Limited has to take the opportunity of this unemploy ment rate. If the unemployment rate is high, the demand for labour in the economy is low this makes the labour less expensive cheap. If the Woolworths Limited can utilise this opportunity to produce their products at low cost, it will help the organisation to reduce their price of their product in the market this will act as the competitive advantage for the company. Lowering the price of the product helps the organisation to attract more customers increase the customer base. Globalisation has changed the choice preferences of customers. Customers have now wider options in terms of varieties of the products introducing new products in the market will help the organisation to attract new customers. In case of the inflation rate, it is stable in nature. The current inflation rate of the economy is 3.65%. This helps in keeping the price structure of different products stable. Hence, people would have enough income in the hand to spend in varieties of products. If Woolworths Limit ed invests in the Indian market, it will be beneficial for the company to take advantage of these macro economic variables. Political Legal Analysis Political factors of an economy also play an important role in the decision making process of an organisation regarding the investment in any oversees country. Political factors most of the time act as the barrier for different organisations (Czinkota et al., 2009). Political factors are dependent on the ideology of the incumbent government of the nation. It is very volatile in nature. The political decisions of one political party may not suit the ideology of the other political party. These factors have to be taken in to consideration while making the investment decision. Other than this the political stability is another determinant factor in this case. If the internal condition of the country is favourable for any organisation to invest, then it attracts other international organisations. If any country experiences different political turmoil on a regular basis, it restrains an organisation from investing in that country. In case of India the political stability is another positi ve factor for attracting foreign investment. The Indian government has shown large interest in attracting foreign investment. Foreign investment will help the Indian economy to expand further. Another important factor in this case is the geopolitical factors. The relation of any nation with other nations also determines the amount of the foreign investment in the host nation. If the relation between two nations is good, one country facilitates business expansion of the other nation. In this specific case the Woolworths Limited is an Australian company it wants to invest in the Indian economy (Kolk Van Tulder, 2010). Hence, if the political relation between India Australia is stable, it will facilitate the expansion of the business. Now the political relation between both the nations is stable this will provide huge scope to Woolworths Limited to establish their unit in India. On the other hand the legal factors are also responsible for the expansion of the international business. In India different acts legislations are present, which have to be taken into account by any company before investing in the country. Legal aspects of the country act as a hindrance in many cases. In case of India few acts have been enacted to make the business process smooth at the same time to reduce the intensity of the illegal aspects attached to the business process. These acts are Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and Regulations, Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992, Companies Act, 1956, Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, Foreign Direct Investment Policy (FDI Policy), Competition Act, 2002 etc. Different regulatory boards are responsible in handling these policies facilitating the foreign investments. These are the Foreign Investment Promotion Board of India (FIPB), Government of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Direc torate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Government of India, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Government of India. Culture and Ethics Another important factor in this respect is the cultural ethical issues of a nation. Culture can be defined as sharing the common value norms among different group of people in a society. The culture tradition of a nation is different from other nation. In India large section of people still believe in the traditional lifestyle. It is important to provide respect to the culture tradition of a nation (Wild et al., 2014). When an organisation invests in any country, it is the responsibility of the organisation to take care of the interests of the people of the nation. If in case of introducing any product in any market hurts the interest of the people in the society, it affects the reputation of the organisation in a negative manner. Since India is a multicultural multi religious country, hence it is difficult to take care of interests of different sections of the society. Hence, in case of the Woolworths Limited it has to keep in mind that they have to safeguard the interests of people of the nation. On the other hand it will be able to successfully run the business in Indian market, if it launches product on the basis of the choice preferences of the people. Similarly, the ethical issues are also vital to be taken care of in case of the expanding market in the world market. In case of any country there are different socio-cultural barriers the responsibility of the organisation is to take care of these issues. In case of India there are different cultural issues those the organisation must consider while taking the business decisions. Showing respect to customers tastes preferences help in earning customer loyalty. The organisation has also to provide support to the society in which it is doing the business operation this is a part of the corporate social responsibilities. In case of Woolworths Limited it has to consider different ethical issues to successfully run the business operation in the Indian market (Audi, 2009). Other than this another ethical issue is the competition in the market. The organisation should not adopt any illegal strategies to expand the market. Any policy adopted by the Woolworths Limited should not violate p olicy decisions or acts of the country. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be said that the importance of the international business has increased multiple times after the globalisation. Only operating the business in the domestic market is not sufficient for the organisation to expand the business gain brand loyalty, business in the international market helps the organisation to reap the benefit of the large market, large number customer base cheap factors of production. Hence, the Woolworths Limited has taken the decision to expand the market in an emerging nation. Since India is a fastest growing emerging nation in the world, it is the best place to expand the business take the advantage of large market base (Czinkota et al., 2009). To establish business in India it has to take care of the cultural, political, economical ethical factors in order to operate the business successfully. References Audi, R. (2009).Business ethics and ethical business(p. 21). New York: Oxford University Press. Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M., McNett, J. (2012).International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I., Moffett, M. H., Marinova, S., Marinov, M. (2009).International business. Wiley. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P., Salwan, P. (2009).International business. Pearson Education India. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model.Journal of International Business Studies,37(4), 525-543. Kolk, A., Van Tulder, R. (2010). International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.International business review,19(2), 119-125. Peng, M. W., Wang, D. Y., Jiang, Y. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies.Journal of international business studies,39(5), 920-936. Rugman, A. M., Collinson, S. (2009).International business. Pearson Education. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.