Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay -- Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay

Race. It is a word that is associated with many thoughts, words, and emotions. The color of peoples' skin is the first thing that is noticed. Throughout history people have judged and mistreated because they were of the wrong   race. A prime example of this is the racial tension between blacks and whites. The driving force behind this tension is the past. For many years blacks were mistreated and abused based solely on the color of the skin. In Martin Luther King J.R.'s "Letter from Birmingham   Jail", he uses references to the past and people of the past to strengthen his point. The actions in the past and present can affect the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Letter from Birmingham Jail", King uses references to Saints, philosophers of the past, and theologians to get into the minds of the clergymen to whom he is writing the letter. By using the words of white people of the past, King can use the clergyman's own beliefs to his benefit. He uses the quote, "sin is separation" (WoI pg. 158) to show that segregating people because of color is morally and religiously wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Though King began ...

socrates :: essays research papers

This paper will argue that during â€Å"The trial and Death of Socrates†, Socrates could have given better arguments for his defense. First it will outline the prejudices or accusations Socrates has to face during his trial. It will then show how Socrates acted as tough he wanted to lose the case and finally it will conclude explaining the arguments Socrates could have given in order to be acquitted. During the first speech (18a-19b) Socrates has to overcome two different types of prejudices: the old prejudice against Socrates set by the plays of Aristophanes and the new prejudices that included impiety charged by Meletus as well as the corruption of the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In fact more than once is Socrates confused for someone else. Aristophanes is responsible for latter but it is reconstructed by Meletus as including both impiety and corruption and Socrates is portrayed as a corrupt teacher .the first charge of impiety also originates with Aristophanes but Meletus confuses Socrates with the atheistic Anaxagoras when he describes Socrates as seeking to study the heavens (18a) the second charge of corruption is also in Aristophanes' Clouds but confuses Socrates with Protagoras. This led to confusion (18e) of Socrates with other sophists like Gorgias, Prodicus, and Hippias. The new prejudice against Socrates really is because of the Socratic paradox (20c-21a): â€Å"he knows nothing and only in this he claims to be wise â€Å" this paradox aroused hatred against him (21b, 23ab), even though he explains that the knowledge of his ignorance lead to his philosophical mission in life .his mission to question and to seek â€Å"the unexamined life is no life for a man†(21c-23c) this is explained by Chaerephon's enquiry at Apollo's oracle at Delphi declaring Socrates the wisest of men (21b-) Socrates turns this philosophical interrogation into his philosophical purpose ,as a consequence the young followed him trying to copy his questions to their leaders (23c) this arose the charge of corrupting the youth ( 23d) since like Socrates, they also questioned the leaders of democracy and religion, claiming not to believe in the gods and discover the heavens (d) . Having in mind all theses accusations Socrates, should had defend himself better but that was not the case. Throughout the trial, he acted as though he wanted to lose the case. He went out of his way to antagonize the jury, making comments that associated himself with certain people and ideas that were offensive to the jury. socrates :: essays research papers This paper will argue that during â€Å"The trial and Death of Socrates†, Socrates could have given better arguments for his defense. First it will outline the prejudices or accusations Socrates has to face during his trial. It will then show how Socrates acted as tough he wanted to lose the case and finally it will conclude explaining the arguments Socrates could have given in order to be acquitted. During the first speech (18a-19b) Socrates has to overcome two different types of prejudices: the old prejudice against Socrates set by the plays of Aristophanes and the new prejudices that included impiety charged by Meletus as well as the corruption of the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In fact more than once is Socrates confused for someone else. Aristophanes is responsible for latter but it is reconstructed by Meletus as including both impiety and corruption and Socrates is portrayed as a corrupt teacher .the first charge of impiety also originates with Aristophanes but Meletus confuses Socrates with the atheistic Anaxagoras when he describes Socrates as seeking to study the heavens (18a) the second charge of corruption is also in Aristophanes' Clouds but confuses Socrates with Protagoras. This led to confusion (18e) of Socrates with other sophists like Gorgias, Prodicus, and Hippias. The new prejudice against Socrates really is because of the Socratic paradox (20c-21a): â€Å"he knows nothing and only in this he claims to be wise â€Å" this paradox aroused hatred against him (21b, 23ab), even though he explains that the knowledge of his ignorance lead to his philosophical mission in life .his mission to question and to seek â€Å"the unexamined life is no life for a man†(21c-23c) this is explained by Chaerephon's enquiry at Apollo's oracle at Delphi declaring Socrates the wisest of men (21b-) Socrates turns this philosophical interrogation into his philosophical purpose ,as a consequence the young followed him trying to copy his questions to their leaders (23c) this arose the charge of corrupting the youth ( 23d) since like Socrates, they also questioned the leaders of democracy and religion, claiming not to believe in the gods and discover the heavens (d) . Having in mind all theses accusations Socrates, should had defend himself better but that was not the case. Throughout the trial, he acted as though he wanted to lose the case. He went out of his way to antagonize the jury, making comments that associated himself with certain people and ideas that were offensive to the jury.

Essay --

Sexual harassment is another subject of interpersonal communication that occurs in the workplace. Although sexual harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, it is still a reality in all places of employment which is why it is something that everyone should have the ability to identify, understand, and effectively respond to. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines sexual harassment as follows: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, and offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can take place between any two individuals: any gender to any gender, any business, school, place of social, religious, and political organization, authority to subordinate, subordinate to authority.The DeVito text separates this definiti...

How does R. L. Stevenson create horror and suspense in the novel ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde?’ Essay

‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a classic horror novel written by R. L. Stevenson. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1850. He grew up in Edinburgh which had two very different faces: the prosperous, middle-class new town and the ‘old black city’ with its poverty, disease and over crowding. This can be compared to the novel because of the duality of nature between Jekyll and Hyde. The novel would have had a different impact upon its original readers because at this time London was a divided city; there were two major extremes, the rich and the poor, and as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde portray both these extremes the novel is shown from the two ends of the divided London. Jekyll lives in a respectable area which has ‘an air of invitation’ and Hyde lives in ‘a sinister block of buildings.’ Also, in 1886, the readers of ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ would have interpreted the torments of Henry Jekyll as the traditional struggle between good and evil. The novel is about a respectable doctor, Dr Jekyll, who transforms himself into a savage murderer, Mr Hyde. A girl is ruthlessly trampled over by this vicious Mr Hyde and he writes a cheque for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 compensation; however the cheque was signed by Dr Jekyll. Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield come across a door which reminds them of the savage murderer and Mr Utterson’s suspicions are aroused when he finds Hyde’s dead body inside the laboratory where Jekyll had locked himself in, inside here is a letter written by Dr Jekyll. Dr Lanyon dies and gives Utterson a letter which said that Jekyll was having trouble with the effects of the drugs. In the final chapter Utterson reads Jekyll’s confessions. The story of the novel is told through many different narrators, Enfield, Utterson, Lanyon and Jekyll all play a part in telling the story. Stevenson has used this technique of multiple perspectives to heighten the mystery and suspense of the story as this allows the reader to see more clearly into their characters and relationships. ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is such a well known text that it is known by more people than those that have actually read it, this is because there were no less than four film versions appeared during 1920 and 1953. In chapter one Stevenson uses many devices to create horror and suspense. The title of this chapter ‘The Story of the Door’ adds secrecy and mystery as it is part of a mysterious house, the street is pleasant except from this shabby house. This strange and always locked door becomes a significant symbol of mystery as we do not know where it leads. The neglected door on the smart street is also concerned with the duality of nature theme. This door creates secrecy and suspense because it is always locked and you can only enter with a key, also the windows are always shut. At the start of this chapter we are immediately introduced to one of the main characters, Mr Utterson; he appears complex as there are contradictions in his character ‘lean, long, dusty, dreary and yet somehow loveable,’ this is the major theme of the chapter: duality of nature and it is a reoccurring theme throughout the novel and the narrator hints that he knows people of ill repute. The setting of most of the novel is at night or early hours in the morning; this creates an eerie atmosphere, and also suspense and mystery because it is rather odd why people are walking out at ‘three o’clock of a black winter morning.’ Whilst Enfield tells ‘a very odd story’ tension is created as he repeats ‘street after street’ and this highlights his isolation and produces tension as the reader can empathise with him if they have ever been in a dark, isolated situation before. In this chapter secrecy is an important theme; everyone has something to hide and so they are reluctant to ask questions suggesting they do not want to hear an answer. Stevenson creates horror in this chapter as the introduction of Mr Hyde, who ‘trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the floor,’ is a horrific image. This is peculiar behaviour and the reader has maximum sympathy for the young girl. In addition, Hyde is not at all disturbed by the incident of ‘calmly’ hurting her. When he witnesses the incident, Mr Enfield, an unemotional man has a strong reaction about it, ‘sawbones turned sick and white with the desire to kill him.’ In the second chapter entitled ‘Search for Mr Hyde,’ the title builds up a sense of anticipation in the reader because it is like a mystery investigation – searching for something or someone that could be lost or on the run. The will in this chapter is exceptionally odd; it creates a sense of extreme mystery in the reader. This is because Dr Jekyll’s will states that all his possessions shall be passed on to Edward Hyde, this shows the reader that there is some association and connection between Jekyll and Hyde. However, what is even stranger is that he says if he has disappeared or had an unexplained absence for any period exceeding three calendar months, this shows the reader that he is suspecting something might happen to him and builds up a sense of anticipation and keeps the reader interested and want to read on. Stevenson is giving clues about what is going on and Utterson thinks that Hyde is blackmailing Jekyll. Hyde also has contradictions in his character, he is described and ‘timid and bold,’ this oxymoron suggests of the duality of his character. ‘He may grow impatient to inherit,’ this suggests that Utterson is worried about his friend Jekyll and thinks he could be in danger as he left all of his belongings to Hyde, and with Hyde’s monstrous reputation he may not want to wait for his inheritance. The chapter ends with the lawyer in very low spirits, he feels forced to confront the fact that he too has been responsible for certain wrongs which he has taken care to hide, and this all creates suspense and mystery. He suspects blackmail or murder. In chapter three, Jekyll shows respect and admiration for Utterson and he convinces Utterson of the need for absolute secrecy, Stevenson does this to heighten the suspense and keep the reader engrossed. Jekyll thinks that Lanyon is dismissed as ‘hide-bound pedant’ in his thoughts as they had an argument about scientific thinking. Jekyll believes that Lanyon is narrow-minded and conventional in thinking. Chapter four is set almost a year later and it is the most horrific chapter in the book. R.L. Stevenson makes it gruesome with disturbing details and it would be extremely shocking for Victorian readers. This is because in Victorian society there was such a large emphasis on manners and behaviour. This chapter is appalling and inhumane to the reader. The passage which describes Carew’s murder is macabre and distressing, ‘bones were audibly shattered,’ this clause is effective because it appeals to the senses and makes it sound more horrendous and abominable. It is odd that Carew gets brutally murdered like this since he appeared to be such a nice man. This passage also presents horrific details that Mr Hyde beat him with his power and strength. R.L. Stevenson creates more suspense and mystery and gives subtle hints that the murder could have something to do with the mystery of Jekyll and Hyde because it could have had something to do with the will. The description of the setting as being, ‘a district of some city in a nightmare,’ is a sinister description creating atmosphere and horror. The ever-present fog contributes to the atmosphere as it is gloomy and it also portrays secrecy as it can be used to ‘cover up’ things. A threatening atmosphere is created with the flickering of street lamps and the personification of the fog, for example ‘the fog still slept.’ In chapter five horror and suspense is created by the description of Jekyll as it contrasts with that of before, ‘Dr At Ease,’ however now he looks ‘deadly sick’ and is terrified. This shows the reader that his connection with Hyde is making him ill Jekyll has received a letter and this creates suspense and secrecy, he is unsure about whether to show it to the police and this creates mystery. The description of the city as being ‘drowned’ reinforces the air of impending doom and adds slight horror and suspense. Towards the end of the chapter Utterson is in utter disbelief that Dr Jekyll forged for a murderer, Stevenson uses the description, ‘And his blood ran cold in his veins,’ this creates horror and suspense because it must be something very bad that has happened for someone’s blood to appear to turn cold, and also it makes the reader wait in anticipation. At the end of the chapter a cloak of secrecy descends upon matters and a guest is sworn to secrecy. In chapter six Dr Jekyll begins to improve with the disappearance of Mr Hyde and he is being associated with good things, ‘charity, and religion.’ Dr Lanyon has had a shock, ‘as a look in the eye and quality of manner that seemed to testify some deep-seated terror of the mind,’ he is scared however it is not that he is scared about dieing but something else. This creates suspense and leaves a sense of anxiety in the reader. However when Lanyon’s face changes and he holds up a trembling hand the reader is led to believe that Lanyon’s decline has something to do with Jekyll. In chapter seven the incident which the two gentlemen witness informs the reader that Jekyll is suffering from something which he cannot control, this creates suspense because the reader will wonder what it is that he cannot control. The gentlemen’s ‘expression of such abject terror and despair, as froze the very blood of the two gentlemen below,’ shows the reader that this is a link between Jekyll and Hyde as the reaction of the gentlemen from Jekyll reminds us of the reaction of the gentlemen from Hyde. Chapter eight opens dramatically with the entrance of an unexpected Poole, who is Utterson’s butler and his appearance is altered by a shock. The title of this chapter ‘The Last Night’ makes the reader think that this could be the last night or someone or something, for example, Jekyll dieing or a secret being revealed. Suspense is added when it says, ‘crushing anticipation of calamity’ as they are just waiting for something bad to happen. In this chapter the reader is meant to think that Mr Hyde is in the room and that he has killed Jekyll for the will and so Mr Utterson’s predictions were correct, this adds suspense because the reader does not know for definite if it is him in the room and they want to find out. In the novel Hyde has always been described as animal, for example in chapter four, ‘with ape-like fury’ and also in chapter two, ‘hissing’ this is comparing him to a snake and snakes can be seen as evil. In Victorian London, when it was a divided city, the poor received no schooling and could not vote, the wealthy people were afraid of them and saw them as being like animals, Hyde is also described as an animal. In chapter eight, R.L. Stevenson portrays many clues to lead the reader to think that it is Hyde, ‘crying out like a rat,’ and also it says, ‘and this was more of a dwarf,’ as the reader we know that Jekyll is tall and Hyde is shorter. There was a ‘mask upon his face’ so this creates suspense as the reader wants to know who it is. R.L. Stevenson is building up a sense of foreboding and expectation as the reader will think the thing he is describing is Hyde, ‘London hummed solemnly all around; but nearer at hand, the stillness was only broken by the sound of a footfall moving to and fro along the cabinet floor,’ this creates suspense as the reader knows that something bad is going to happen. Stevenson uses descriptions which appeals to the reader’s senses and so you can imagine you were there. He uses the technique of authentication and the reader is made to feel as though they are involved on an intimate revelation of feelings and events as the plot of the book is revealed through diaries and letters. This makes the reader feel included and keeps them interested. In chapter nine, ‘Dr Lanyon’s narrative,’ the reader is about to discover the truth about what Dr Jekyll has been up to. Stevenson chose to set this chapter at midnight as it is the witching hour; this adds mystery and horror because of the time of night that it is set in. The novel is structured so that the mystery and suspense is built up right until the penultimate chapter, this chapter reveals Jekyll’s terrible secret. Up until this point the reader can only see Hyde through the eyes of the other characters and as the reader becomes drawn into the mystery of the novel it tells the reader important information about the characters. Stevenson chose midnight for the arrival of the strange messenger because it is known as the witching hour and Hyde is thought of as inhuman. Finally, in the last chapter, ‘Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case,’ the reader sees the end of the story from Jekyll’s point of view. Stevenson decided to end it in this way to create tension so that the reader would only read Jekyll’s side last and keep them in suspense. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde represent the two sides of good and evil, as Jekyll does ‘pious work’ and Hyde uses ‘blasphemies,’ both of these connecting with religion as it is an extremely important part of Victorian people’s life. It poses the question – which is more powerful good or evil? Stevenson makes evil prevail in the end because Jekyll is banished by Mr Hyde, however this could be Stevenson telling us that evil is stronger or because humans are weak-willed. His opinion of this could be shaped like this because of his background; he was brought up as a Calvinists and this emphasised that our desires are naturally evil, so this would mentally affect you as a child. To conclude, it would be impossible for the modern reader to read this novel as an unsuspecting Victorian might have done because people see things like Jekyll’s double identity in everyday life, on the television and read it more in books so they are aware of what could happen, however in Victorian times they did not have television and so the only place where they would see this is in books. All of the devices that Stevenson has used to create horror and suspense have a strong impact upon the book because he wanted to keep the readers in suspense for as long as possible and he tried to make them discover for themselves the ending by leaving a series of clues. Overall, I think this was an interesting book, at times I found it quite difficult and got a bit confused, however I soon picked up again. I think that Stevenson was clever in the way that he used multiple perspectives to heighten the suspense of the story and thought that it was a good novel. Finally, the novel has had such a large impact on language that it has become a saying now. The phrase ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ describes someone with a split personality as being nice and nasty.

Blood Clotting Essay

Blood clotting is an adaptive/defensive mechanism of the human body. Its primary purpose is to prevent the loss of blood from the cardiovascular system from damaged blood vessels in order to avoid shock and possible death. This accomplished by a process called coagulation wherein blood solidify at the site of injury through a complex process involving platelet aggregation and fibrin formation coupled with thrombin and a dozen other clotting factors. Though the mechanism is designed to prevent deleterious harm, clotting can also be harmful especially when inappropriately triggered such as in the case of strokes and infarctions. In the article by Cathleen Genova, she discusses the findings of a report made in the April 17th 2009 issue of Cell, a journal from Cell Press Publication, where researchers found a possible way of preventing life-threatening clots. The discovery might offer a new way to fight clot formation before it can even begin, according to the researchers. According to the findings, thrombin isn’t the only player in the clotting process, in fact â€Å"enzymes known as matrix metalloproteases have recently emerged as important players in platelet function and the biology of blood vessels. Two of those enzymes, MMP-1 and MMP-2 can actually encourage platelet activation† early in the clotting process. If treatments were aimed at blocking the MMP1-PAR1 pathway, a new way of treating patients with acute coronary syndromes may be developed. The advantages of such treatments, the researchers predict, would be that â€Å"an MMP-1 inhibitor might be better tolerated† especially since careful balance between the risk of dangerous blood clots and the risk of bleeding must be kept in mind. Works Cited Genova, Cathleen. â€Å"How Life-Threatening Blood Clots Take Hold. † Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intrnational Ltd. Accessed 23 April 2009 ARTICLE http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/146508. php How Life-Threatening Blood Clots Take Hold Article Date: 18 Apr 2009 – 0:00 PDT When plaques coating blood vessel walls rupture and expose collagen, platelets spring into action to form a blood clot at the damaged site. Now, a new report in the April 17th issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication, reveals how those life-threatening clots – a leading cause of death in the United States, Europe and other industrialized countries – get an early grip. The discovery might offer a new way to fight clot formation before it can even begin, according to the researchers. â€Å"Compared to other diseases, blood clotting has been very well understood,† said Athan Kuliopulos of Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine. Nevertheless, he continued, many people still suffer from heart attacks, ischemic stroke and death as a result of clot formation. â€Å"Drugs designed to inhibit clots through known pathways are widely used by millions. They work well, but not perfectly. There is still an unmet need. † Those drugs include aspirin and the so-called thienopyridines, including Clopidogrel (trade name Plavix). Scientists have known that a protein called thrombin plays an important role in clot formation as a potent activator of platelets. It also cuts fibrinogen into fibrin, a fibrous protein that works together with platelets to form a clot. But thrombin isn’t the whole story. Enzymes known as matrix metalloproteases have recently emerged as important players in platelet function and the biology of blood vessels. Two of those enzymes, MMP-1 and MMP-2 can actually encourage platelet activation, according to earlier studies, although the means were unknown. In cancer cells too, MMP-1 activates a receptor known as PAR1 – the same receptor that is also responsible for receiving the thrombin signal on human platelets. â€Å"There is abundant proMMP-1 coating platelets,† Kuliopulos said. â€Å"We thought maybe it was on the outside waiting to be activated by something. Maybe it could be involved in an early event in blood clotting, before thrombin is around. † Indeed, Kuliopulos’ team has now connected those dots. They show that exposure of platelets to collagen activates MMP-1, which in turn directly cut PAR1 on the surface of platelets. Collagen is the first thing a platelet â€Å"sees† when a blood vessel ruptures or is cut. The MMP-1-PAR1 pathway activates another set of molecular players known to be involved in early clot formation, he said. Those activated platelets change their shape, sending out spikes and membrane sheets. â€Å"Within seconds, they become more sticky,† adhering to the vessel surface and then other platelets. Moreover, they show that treatments that block the MMP1-PAR1 pathway prevent blood clots from forming in the presence of collagen, suggesting that drugs targeting this metalloprotease-receptor system could offer a new way to treat patients with acute coronary syndromes. According to the new results, PAR1 inhibitors already being tested in clinical trials might have an added benefit, Kuliopulos said. It’s also possible they might work a little too well, since there is a careful balance between the risk of dangerous blood clots and the risk of bleeding. â€Å"An MMP-1 inhibitor might be better tolerated,† he said. The researchers include Vishal Trivedi, Adrienne Boire, Boris Tchernychev, Nicole C. Kaneider, Andrew J. Leger, Katie O’Callaghan, Lidija Covic, and Athan Kuliopulos, of Tufts University School of Medicine, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. Source: Cathleen Genova Cell Press

Identifying Sustainability Plan Effect Essay

The issue of terrorism is not the only one over which the countries are focusing on; in fact, there is another hot burning issue of ‘Global Warming’ that is causing the depletion of ozone layer, melting ice, raising sea levels, and so the temperature too. In this paper, I would be acting as a consultant who is hired by Princeton University, and would be draw attention to the alarming causes of greenhouse gas and devise a sustainability plan that can overcome those issues. Global warming is fundamentally caused by excessive emission of greenhouse gases that are the chemical compounds present in the atmosphere of Earth. These gases damage the ozone layer and allow the sunlight to easily penetrate into the atmosphere and as result sunstrokes, skin cancer, and other diseases happen too. Here, in the United States, these emissions come from the ignition of fossil fuels that are used for energy purposes, since the economic growth is highly dependent upon energy sector (eia, 2008). Greenhouse gases include Carbon dioxide, methane gas, nitrous oxide, and fluorocarbons, transmit infrared radiations into the atmosphere that raise the temperature due to the breaking of ozone layer, hence causing many other issues (Cohen & Hopwood, n. d). Sustainability Plan Considering the ongoing issue of global warming, it is the responsibility of the educational and as well as other institutions to increase the awareness among the people regarding it, and formulate certain strategies that aim on restraining such issues. Now let’s discuss the effects of a sustainability plan that would have over several organizational aspects of Princeton University. Vision Princeton University should design its vision that not only focuses on the production of quality students with outstanding knowledge and grades, but also on teaching the students about the sustainable development in the future for a greener tomorrow for future generations. Mission The mission of this university should be the commencement of new degree programs and courses related to Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurial Management that focuses on initiating ‘Green’ businesses. Organization If the sustainability plan is to be implemented in Princeton University then there would be a prominent change in the whole organization, ranging from the advancement in its technologies, processes, procedures, organizational design, policies, etc. The university would have to set up new infrastructure and technologies for the purpose of assisting students to come and learn from it, use them for research purposes, and adopt newer and greener ways of living life. As far as the enabling of technology and processes is concerned, the university would have to invest a great amount of money in bringing on new technologies, machineries, equipments, infrastructure, and most importantly, the intellectual capital that would be present in experts, scientists, and experienced professors. In other words, the resources for the students should be provided with which they can learn the practical application of what they learn in books, because without application they would be wasting what they studied. Moreover, processes would be shaped in a way where the emphasis would be laid on the practicality of the concept and not just the theories itself. This would have to deal with some sort of change in the organizational design in which the policies, preferences, faculty, teaching criteria, and curriculum would be modified. People Attracting and maintaining talented students, faculty, and other staff members should be the first priority of the university, since it’s all about the students who learn and progress and the faculty who teach them. Faculty members who may include scientists, cosmologists, or environmentalists, should be provided with sufficient resources to conduct research and development. They might be sent abroad for participating in conferences, workshops, and seminars from where they can train themselves accordingly, which later would result fruitful for the students who would get up-to-date knowledge about the current happenings, issues, developments, and solutions for them. Teaching the students would not suffice; in fact, they should be encouraged to indulge in the practicality of the studies. University should arrange certain contests and business plan competitions where the students would be asked to participate and come up with the most feasible business that is sustainable and green. Moreover, the students of IT may engage in developing certain products, equipments, and technologies that might be used at a later stage for greener tomorrow, for instance, electric cars and solar energy chargers. Just as every employee needs rewards for keeping him motivated and directed; students are no exception (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Based on their achievements in the competitions, they must be encouraged by offering them scholarships, money prizes, and medals. Conclusion Therefore, it is the responsibility of universities to make their students aware of the changing environmental conditions and offer them, opportunities and resources to explore and ascertain newer ways of living and doing business for having a better and greener tomorrow.

Outsourcing Information Technology and Security Essay

This can be defined as the employment done to another company by an organization for the service provision in information technology or security services rather than the use of the corporate workers in the performance of such a duty. With the growing intensity of commercial activities the concepts of strategic management has been of importance in formulating various structures and economies in the business activity. Managers have consistently understood the role played by external outsourcing. Such is done is the recognition of the economies of scale and economies in the cost factor which the organization would have been affected. The Elite Supercars can be voted in as one of the global organizations where outsourcing has never been compromised. However a deep concern into the principles of economies of cost factor have been put into consideration. Firstly, an importance is attached to the scale of adequacy in terms of levels of ability for the service provider. Since the provision of both the information technology and security services call for technical pursuits from the providers, the choice of service providers has been in recognition of their technical abilities and competencies. Either, the outsourcing activity has still been in evaluation of the cost parameters. Through this activity, the company was to get a relatively lower scale in its costs. However, a scrutiny and evaluation was done by the management in accordance with the cost factors in choosing various clients against their quality of services. The choice of the clients by the company was indeed a compliment of lower costing service sales above high quality service inputs. Above all other factors, the evaluation of the environmental factors in the activity was a factor. However the two choices were complimentarily environmental friendly within the organizational setup With Elite Supercars, outsourcing information technology and security has been important complements in its activities. This is a car manufacturing company with its roots at Singapore. However to it, outsourcing of the above two corporate factors draws a question of high concern. Firstly, with its increased manufacturing activity, the company had to outsource development of various software useful in the organization’s processes. In the 1st November 2006, the company’s CEO released a press release, where it had contracted the Northern Ferrari Hire for developing an outsourcing program through the web marketing. This was to involve various software on strategic marketing modalities. Perhaps, the impressive sales turn over embraced by the company can be credited to this fact. Through the program, the company is able to adequately provide an attractive package of marketing services to its customers. Through this method, customers have closer relationship with the company where it can adequately communicate with them through the Internet. Suchan, Charles, 2006) Some various examples show the implementation success of this activity. This activity by the organization’s implementation of the program has even driven it to its extended boundaries of its activities. The program was provisional and to a strategy in various accounting components. Firstly, it was a way of optimal costing. As an important tool in an organization, optimal costing implies efficiency in the activity performance. Optimal costing is also seen as the economical method in use of organizational resources. To the Elite Supercars, outsourcing of information technology is a complement of various efficiency-costing benefits. The information outsourcing therefore shows a big success in the company’s costing system where it has obtained various efficiencies related to the program. Through use of an external supply, the organization had various benefits ascribed to it in terms of the costs. Like an external contract, the activity itself was less costing than the use of its own staff. Either, this activity by its own required a high scale of technological know how about it. In regard to its inexperienced employees, outsourcing is still fundamental in the implementation success of the program. Elite Supercars was not strong and able enough to provide the set of competent staff allied to this facility. Either well, to the organization, the provision of a set of technical staff on information technology was not economical enough in relation to the cost factor of the broad organizational activity. However to the company, perhaps the greatest benefit from the project was the consequent development and growth of its sales turn over. Since the enactment of program, the company has continued to experience high sales volume. Above this, there have been various efficiencies in terms of the marketing factor. There has been a continued reduction in the cost of marketing through the various effecienciess and economies of scale borne out of the process. (Cantwell, Alfonso, Granstrand, 2004) Outsourcing, by the Elite Supercars on security has been fundamentally one its management activities. From the past experience in insecurity and theft of its cars at their manufacturing site, the company had to seek refuge of finding a storage facility for its cars. To the company, it chose to use the facility of storage that had been constructed by Dutch Authorities. With the same storage facility, the organization experiences lower cases of theft (if any) to its highly priced cars. Formerly, the increasing state of loss of cars had become a problem which threatened the company in being out of the industry. It had continued to get higher levels of losses through the theft of its cars. At one level therefore, the facility offered cost saving attributes through reduced scales of care theft. (Domberger, 1998) The move to use the storage facility provided by the Dutch Authorities was perhaps one of it strategic management goals. Construction of its own facility was a factor seen as increasing the level of its cost factor consequently. The construction of its own shortage facility was to involve a high level of cost factor compared to the level of its operational capacity. This is an attribute of success in the implementation of the program. Since prevention of car from theft was still a factor of consideration, the opportunity cost of not constructing its own facility was basically to be through the use of another facility. Otherwise, the loss that could accrue from the loss of the cars through theft was far beyond the cost outlay got from the payment to the external shortage. Therefore, the security outsourcing program was itself a factor of high attribute in the success of the company’s activities. To the current period, security problem is no longer an issue and the company continues to embrace the broad economies allied to these out sources. Broadly therefore, outsourcing activity by the company shows a strategic management tool towards the organization activity. The company embraces the long run benefits of these two programs.